(a) ldentify specimen J, K, L, and M.
(b) Name the organism which causes the damage observed on each of specimens J, K, L, and M.
(c) State two possible effects of the damage done to specimen J on the farmers.
(d) Describe: (i) Two methods of controlling each of the organisms causing damage to specimens J and K.
(ii) One method of controlling each of the organisms causing damage to specimens L and M.
Explanation
/a) ldentification:-
- J -maize grain damaged by weevils, diseased grain/maize grain with hole/maize grain.
- K- yam tuber damaged by nematode, damaged yam or yam tuber.
- L - Kolanuts damaged by fungus or showing fungus attack /diseased kola nut / kolanut.
- M - tomato fruit showing signs of attack by bacteria/tomato fruit, diseased tomato fruit.
(b) Organisms responsible for the damage observed on specimens J, K, L, and M are:
- J-(Maize) weevil;
- k- yam nematode,
- L-fungus;
- M -bacteria.
(c) Effects of the damage done to specimen J on farmers are: loss of food quality / reduced market value / reduced income; reduced germination / lower viability, increased hunger/food scarcity or decreased quantity and low productivity, increased cost of control/storage, increased cost of production.
(d) Methods of controlling organisms on specimens J, K, L, and M are:
J (Weevil);
- use of appropriate insecticide,
- heat treatment/store on rafters in smoky rooms,
- store in air tight containers,
- use of dry hot pepper,
K (Yam nematode);
- burning the bush before planting yam/ soil sterilization,
- crop rotation,
- soil fumigation,
- use of appropriate nematicide;
L (Fungus);
- application of appropriate fungicide,
- store kola nuts with the seedcoat;
M (Bacteria)
- stake tomato plants to prevent fruits from touching the soil/staking.
- control insect damage on tomato fruits,
- control insect that creates wounds in tomato plants/use of an appropriate insecticide.