(a) List four breeds of goats. (b) Discuss briefly the extensive system of rearing any ruminant. (c) State three reasons for rearing goats. (d) List three common diseases of cattle.
Explanation
(a) Different breeds of goats are: - Sahel - Nubian - Sokoto red - Angora - Kano brown - Boer - Bornu white / red Anglo - Bauchi type — Nandi - West African dwarf — Anglo Nubian - Saanen - East African small goat - Togenburg
(b) Extensive system of rearing ruminants are:
(i) They are allowed to move freely from one place to another in search of pasture.
(ii) They fend for themselves and browse or graze on a wide range of pasture or vegetation.
(iii) No special housing unit is usually provided / constructed.
(iv) In most cases, animals are not provided with medication.
(v) It is a very cheap system of rearing livestock.
(vi) No supplementary feed is usually provided.
(vii) Animals are exposed to weather hazard such as excessive heat, heavy rainfall and strong windstorm.
(viii) Disease outbreak cannot be easily controlled.
(ix) animal can be stolen or killed by wild animals.
(x) Indiscriminate mating - mating is difficult to control.
(xi) They deliver their young ones in the field.
(xii) They destroy cultivated crops, thereby causing community disputes.
(xiii) Labour requirements is low.
(xiv) it is suitable for lands that are not good for cropping e.g stony / rocky lands, hill sides and semi - arid areas.
(c) Reasons for rearing ruminants include: for meat; milk, skin / hides, religious purposes/ festivals mohair / fur/ hair/wool / income for farmers, for manure , for educational purposes.
(d) Diseases of cattle are: foot and mouth disease, helminthiasis, enterities, streptothricosis, sleeping sickness, foot rot, Broceliosis e.t.c