2011 WAEC Agricultural Science Practical (a) ldentify specimens M, N, and O by their common names and their scientific names….

Agricultural Science WAEC 2011

(a) ldentify specimens M, N, and O by their common names and their scientific names.

Specimen M;             Specimen N;              Specimen O;

Coconut for Babies - First Foods for Baby - Solid Starts         Five Ways to Cook Sweet Peppers - Harvest to Table              Orange Types: Sweet, Bitter, Mandarin - Harvest to Table

 

(b)(i) Name one pest and one disease that attack the crop from which specimen O is obtained.

(ii) State one control measure for each of the pests and diseases mentioned in (b)(i).

 

(c) Mention three uses of specimen M.

 

(d) State two methods of preserving specimen N.

Explanation

(a) ldentification of specimens M, N and 0 by their Common name and their scientific names.

Specimen Common Name Scientific Name
M Coconut Cocos nucifera
N Sweet Pepper Capsicum annum
O Sweet Orange Citrus spp.

 

(b)(i) Pests and Diseases that attack the crop from which specimen O (Sweet Orange) is obtained

Pests;

  • Aphids
  • Scale insets
  • Caterpillars of the swallow-tailed butterfly
  • Citrus nematodes
  • Red mites
  • Thrips
  • Fruit borers
  • Termites
  • Mammalian pests, e.g monkeys, apes

Diseases -

  • Gummosis /Collar disease
  • Tristeza
  • Citrus scab
  • Die backs
  • Citrus nematodes disease

(ii) Control measures for pests and diseases of specimen O

Pests -

  • Use of insecticides
  • Hand picking
  • Use of appropriate nematicide
  • Use of disease-resistant varieties
  • Soil sterilization
  • Setting of traps/shooting 

Diseases;

Gummosis;

  • Growing of resistant varieties as stock
  • Maintain good farm sanitation
  • Well-drained soil
  • Apply coal tar around affected portion
  • Application of fungicide

Citrus Scab;

  • Treat with appropriate copper-based fungicides e.g. Bordeaux mixture
  • Plant scab-resistant varieties

Die - backs;

  • Fumigate soil with aidrin dust carbon disuiphide
  • Treat with furadan or carbamade

Tristeza;

  • Use resistant rootstocks e.g.rough lemon or Cleopatra orange

(c) Uses of specimen M (Coconut) -

  • For food/refreshment.
  • Copra used in livestock feed.
  • Production of vegetable oil
  • Used in the manufacture of fibre for brushes and foot mats
  • Source of fuel Herbal medicine
  • Crafts/decoration
  • Shell used as abrasive
  • Coconut water is used in producing fruit juice/beverages (alcoholic non alcoholic)
  • Oil used for producing creams

(d) Methods of preserving specimen N (Sweet pepper)

  • Refrigeration
  • Prickling
  • Freeze-drying
  • Sun-drying/drying
  • Canning
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