(a) ldentify specimen P, Q, and R.
Specimen P; Specimen Q; Specimen R;
(b) Name the part of the host where each of specimens P, Q and R can be found.
(c) Mention three ways by which specimen P is adapted to survive in the host.
(d) State three effects of specimen Q on the host.
(e) List four diseases transmitted by specimen R.
(f) State four control measures of specimen R.
Explanation
(a) ldentification of specimen P, Q and R
- P - Tapeworm
- Q - Liverfluke
- R - Tick
(b) Name of the part of the host where, specimens P,Q and R can be found
- P - Intestine of host'
- Q - Inside the liver/bile duct
- R - Skin/body of host
(c) Ways by which specimen P is adapted to survive in the host
- Head/scolex has suckers and hooks for firm attachment to host.
- Head/scolex for sucking the nutrients and blood from host.
- Has many segments/proglottids which have complete reproductive structures. These increase their survival
- They have both male and female reproductive structures, which favours self-fertilization
- They secrete chemicals that ensure their freedom from the digestive enzymes of the host
- Nutrients are absorbed by all surfaces of the body/ large surface area
- Formation of cysts around the bladder worm, ensuring the survival of the bladder worm in the reproductive cycle.
- The proglottids contain several eggs which increase the possibility of survival; even if several perish, many will still survive.
- Body covered with tough cuticle which resists digestion by the host
(d) Effects of Specimen Q (Tapeworm) on the host
- Obstructs flow of bile into the intestines
- Destroys liver tissue thus causing liver rot
- Reduces digestion of fat in' the host
- Causes mal absorption of nutrients
- Causes emaciation and death of host in large numbers
- Weakness of the host
(e) Diseases transmitted by Specimen R (Tick)
- Heart water disease
- Red water disease/Babesiosis
- Tick fever
- Tick paralysis
- Mange
- Scabies
(f) Control measures for Specimen
- Dipping in acaricide solution.
- Spraying with acaricides.
- Hand - picking.
- Rotational Grazing / Paddocking
- Regular cleaning of pens.
- Changing of beddings regularly
- Controlled burning of pastures