a)(i) ldentify specimens R. (1 mark)
(ii) State two disadvantages of using specimen R in poultry house. (2 marks)
(iii) State two precautions to be taken when using specimen R (2 marks)
(iv) List two ways of maintaining specimen R. (2 marks)
(v) Name two devices that can be used in place of using specimen R in a poultry house. (2 marks)
(b) A farmer observed that ten of the sows on the pig farm had reddened and swollen vulvas with whitish mucus discharge. The sows also made undue noise and P mounted one another. Use the information to answer the questions that follow:
(i) What do the observed signs in the sows indicate? (1 mark)
(ii) Assuming the farmer serviced a sow on 1st March, 2012, state the date the farmer should expect the sow to farrow. (2 marks)
(ii) List three preparations that the farmer should make in the farrowing pen before the sow farrows. (3 marks)
(a) ldentify each of specimens N, O, P and Q. (4 marks)
(b) Determine the plant population per hectare, if one seed of specimens N is sown per hole at a spacing of 60cm x 25cm. (4 marks)
(c) State two reasons for the inclusion of the plant from which specimen N is obtained in crop rotation. (2 marks)
(d) Mention three uses of specimen P. (3 marks)
(e) State two ways by which the activities of specimen Q affect crops (2 marks)
(a) identify specimens H, I, J, K, L and M. (3 marks)
(b) State one major use of each of specimens H, I, J, K, L and M. (6 marks)
(c) State three general maintenance practices for specimens H, J, and M. (5 marks)
(d) Name one tractor-coupled implement that can perform similar functions as each of specimens H, I and K. (3 marks)
a)(i) Give two examples of each of specimens A and B. (2 marks)
(ii) State three advantages of the application of specimen Ain crop production. (3 marks)
(iii) Mention two methods of applying specimen B in crop production. (2 marks)
(b) An experiment was conducted to determine the percentage of water in soil samples C and D.
The results are as shown in the table below:
| Soil Sample | |
| Data Recorded | C D |
| Mass of crucible | 80g 80g |
| Mass of crucible and fresh soil | 100g 140g |
| Mass of crucible and soil after heating | 95g 100g |
(i) Determine the mass of fresh soil for each of soil samples C and D (2 marks)
(ii) Determine the mass of water contained in each of soil samples C and D. (2 marks)
(ii) Calculate the percentage of water in each of soil samples C and D. (2 marks)
(c) What type of relationship exists between the amount of water and the amount of air in soils? (2 marks)
(a) State the law of diminishing returns in agricultural production. (2 marks)
(b) The table below shows the relationship between quantities of fertilizers used and the corresponding yields of sorghum.
| Quantity of fertilizer (Bags) | Sorghum yield (kg) |
| 0 | 8 |
| 6 | 30 |
| 12 | 50 |
| 18 | 90 |
| 24 | 140 |
| 28 | 170 |
| 32 | 190 |
| 36 | 200 |
| 40 | 200 |
| 46 | 190 |
(i) Use the table to draw an input-output graph (3 marks)
(ii) Explain the relationships between fertilizer input and sorghum yield. (2 marks)
(c) Enumerate four functions of an agricultural extension agent. (4 marks)
(d) State five benefits of commodity boards in the marketing of agricultural produce in West Africa. (5 marks)
(a) Distinguish between the terms loan and subsidy as used in agricultural financing. (2 marks)
(b)(i) Define the term supply. (2 marks)
(ii) Use the information in the supply schedule below to draw a supply curve. (3 marks)
| Price of Cocoa (Le) | Supply of Cocoa (tonne) |
| 10,000 | 450 |
| 15,000 | 550 |
| 20,000 | 700 |
| 25,000 | 1000 |
| 30,000 | 1,700 |
(iii) Use the supply curve drawn to explain the relationship between supply and price. (2 marks)
(c) State two advantages and two disadvantages of using farm and home visits as a teaching method in agricultural extension work. (4 marks)
(d) Mention three characteristics of agricultural produce in relation to marketing (3 marks)
(a)(i) Explain the term malnutrition as used in animal production (2 marks) (ii) State four effects of malnutrition on farm animals. (4 marks)
(b) Write short notes on the following methods of rangeland improvement: (i) rotational grazing.(ii) reseeding (iii) controlled stocking (6marks)
(c) State four objectives of animal improvement programmes west Africa. (4 marks)
(a) (i) What is incubation in poultry production? (2 marks) (ii) State two advantages and two disadvantages of natural incubation. (4 marks)
(b) List four factors that affect pasture establishment in West Africa. (4 marks)
(c) In a tabular form, state the causal organism and two symptoms of each of the following diseases of farm animals: (i) Brucellosis. (ii) Newscatle. (6 marks) .
(a) What is forest reserve? (2 marks)
(b) State two advantages of taungya system of farming to each of the following: (i) farmers; (ii) foresters. (4 marks)
(c) With the aid of a diagram, describe the life cycle of yam beetle (Heteroligus metes). (6 marks)
(d) State two advantages of organic fertilizers over inorganic fertilizers. (2 marks)
(e) Name two varieties of oil palm. (2 marks)
(a) What is natural pasture? (2 marks)
(ii) State four characteristics of natural pastures in West Africa. (4 marks)
(b) Discuss the root knot disease of tomato under the following headings: (i) causal organism; (ii) mode of transmission; (iii) two symptoms; (iv) two prevention and control measures.(6 marks)
(c) Distinguish between grafting and budding in plant propagation. (2 marks)
(d) Give two uses of sugarcane. (2 marks)
(a) List four factors that affect the type of soil formed at a place (2 marks)
(b) State: (i) two agricultural uses of land
(ii)a two non-agricultural uses of land. (4 marks)
(c) Sate two functions and two deficiency symptoms of each of the following nutrients in crops: (i) nitrogen; potassium. (8 marks) \
(d) Mention two ways in which soil structure Is important in agriculture. (2 marks)
(a) State four characteristics of a fertile soil. (4 marks)
(b) Discuss briefly three factors that affect land availability for agricultural production in West Africa. (6 marks)
(c) State four benefits of draining farm lands (4 marks)
(d) List two sources of soil nitrogen. (2 marks)
(a) What is communal land tenure system? (2 marks)
(b) State two objectives of each of the following agricultural development programmes: (i) farm settlement schemes; (ii) river basin authorities (iii) agricultural development projects. (6 marks)
(c) (i) Distinguish between farm machinery and farm implements. (2 marks)
(ii) Give six examples each of farm machinery and farm implements (6 marks)
(a) Explain what is meant by subsistence agriculture. (2 marks)
(b) Discuss briefly the interdependence of agriculture and industry under the following headings?
(i) tools, implements and machinery industries; (ii) processing industries (iii) Agro-chemical industries (6 marks)
(c) What is farm surveying? (2 marks) (ii) With the aid of a diagram, explain the use of the 3, 4, 5 method in farm survey. ( 6 marks)
Which of the following criteria are used in selecting agricultural extension teaching methods? I. time available for the programme II. the number of farmers involved III. The agricultural needs of the farmers
- A. I and II only
- B. I and III only
- C. II and III only
- D. I,II and III
The price of a fixed asset at the end of its useful life is called
- A. salvage value
- B. depriciation value
- C. annual depreciation
- D. appreciation value
Marginal cost of production is defined as
- A. increase in fixed cost that results from increasing production by one unit
- B. product of average variable cost and the number of units produced
- C. average physical product multiplied by the variable cost
- D. increase in total cost as output is increased by one unit
A farm business makes profit when
- A. total revenue ewuals total cost
- B. total cost exceeds total revenue
- C. total revenue exceeds total cost
- D. total revenue equals average cost
An example of long-term liability of a farmer is
- A. capital
- B. interest
- C. salary
- D. taxes
Determine the cost price of a farm equipment that has a salvage value of N500,000.00, a useful life of 10 years and an annual depreciation of N400,000.00.
- A. N500,000.00
- B. N900,000.00
- C. N4,500,000.00
- D. N5,500,000.00
If an injured goat bleeds without clotting, it is likely that the goat is deficient in
- A. vitamin D
- B. vitamin K
- C. vitamin E
- D. vitamin C