(a) Give three reasons why fish farming is important. [3marks]
(b) State three factors that influence the choice of a suitable site for a fish pond. [3marks]
(c) Mention two sources of each of the following feed nutrients: (i) water; (ii) proteins; (iii) carbohydrates; (vi)vitamins [8marks]
(d) Mention two ways by which roundworm infestatoin is of economic importance in livestock production. [2marks]
Explanation
(a)Reasons why fish farming is important
- Source of food for humans
- Provides fish meal for farm animals
- Provides employment
- Provides income
- Makes better use of land and water in the environment
- For medicinal purpose e.g, cod liver oil
- Source of foreign exchange
- For research activities
- For educational purposes
- For pleasure and recreation - Source of raw materials for industries e.g scales, bones
(b)Factors that influence choice of site for a fish pond
- Water supply/availability of water
- Availability of fast growing fingerlings
- Vegetation of the area
- Topography
- Soil type
- Size of pond to be constructed
- Availability of feeds/feed supplement
- Availability of labour
- Water quality
- Climate of the area
- Accessibility
(c)Sources of feed nutrients
(i) Sources of water
-Fresh fodder
- Metabolic water from oxidation of fats
- Direct intake of water
- Fruits
(ii) Sources of protein
-Groundnut cake Palm kernel cake
- Cotton seed cake
- Linseed cake Sunflower seed cake
-Milk
-Maggot
- Blood meal
- Copra seed cake/meal
-Fish meal
-Forage legumes
- Feather meal
- Meat meal
-Soya bean cake/meal
(iii) Sources of carbohydrates
-Spent grain
-Molasses
- Forage grasses
-Hay/straw
-Silage
- Wheat bran
-Rice bran
- Tubers e.g cassava, yam
-Fruits e.g plantain
-Cereals (whole grains) e.g. maize
(iv) Sources of vitamins
-Fish/cod liver oil
- Green leaves/leafy vegetables
-Fruit vegetables e.g. pepper, onion, okro
-Yellow maize
- Palm oil Carrots/root vegetables
- Bone meal
-Vitamin premix
-Milk
-Cereal grains
- Fish meal
(d)Ways by which round worm infestation is of economic importance in livestock production
- Feeds on digested food in the host
-Retards growth
- Sucks blood thus causing anaemia
- Causes respiratory problem
- Leads to indigestion of food
-Causes constipation
-Loss of weight(emaciation)
-Leads to loss of appetite or anorexia
-Causes general body weakness
-Damages organs in the body
-Cause death of host
-Cause internal haemorrhage