(a) Discuss maize smut disease under the follow-ing headings:
(i) causal organism (ii) mode of trans-mission (iii) two symptoms (iv) two cultural control measures
(b) Enumerate four forest management oractices in West Africa
(c) (i) State four classes of farm animals based on their uses (ii) Give one exam-ple of each class stated in (c)(i)
Explanation
(a) Maize smut disease
(i) Causal organism Fungus/Ustilago maydis
(ii) Mode of transmission Air-borne spores are deposited on the leaves of crops/ wind
(iii) Symptoms
- Grains are covered with a large mass of spores
- Galls on ears, leaves and tassels which later turn black
- Stunted growth/affected plants becomes dwarfish
(iv) Cultural control measures
- Use of clean seeds for sowing
- Crop rotation - Planting resistant varieties
- Early planting
- Uproot and burn diseased plants
(b) Forest management practices in West Africa
- Afforestation
- Deforestation
- Regeneration
- Selective exploitation
- Taungya system
- Ley fanning
- Alley cropping
(c)(i) Classes of farm animals based on their uses
Animals reared for food (meat/milk/egg producers)
Animals reared for work/draught animals
Sport/recreation animals Pet animals
Animals reared for protection
(c)(ii)
| Classes of farm animals |
Examples |
| Animals for food |
Poultry, rabbit, sheep, goat, cattle, pig, snail |
|
Animals for work/draught animals |
Cattle/ox/bull/bullock, camel, donkey, horse |
|
Sport/recreation animals |
Horse, sheep/ram, cattle/bull et animals |
| Pet animal |
Dog, cat, parrot, pigeon |
| Animal for protection |
Dog, bees, geese, turkey |