Discuss anthrax disease under the following headings (i) causal organism (ii) mode of transmission (iii) two symptoms (iv) two prevention and control measures
(b) (i) List four sources of plant protein in live stock feeds (ii) Give three examples of forage legumes that could be found in rangelands in West Africa
(c) Mention five characteristics of labour as a factor of agricultural production.
Explanation
(a) Anthrax disease
(i) Causal organism Bacterium/Bacillus anthracis
(ii) Mode of transmission
- Direct contact with infected animal/open wound
- Contaminated feeds
- Contaminated water
- Contaminated equipment
(iii) Symptoms
- Sudden death of animal
- Discharge of blood from body openings such as mouth, anus, nostril
- Swelling in the neck, genital and lower abdomen
- High fever
- Depression and staggering
- Loss of appetite
- Loss of weight
(iv) Prevention and control measures
- Regular vaccination
- Isolate infected animal
- Burn or bury deeply any infected dead animal
- Proper sanitation
- Disinfect properly after disease has occured in a herd
b(i) Sources of plant protein in livestock feeds
- Groundnut cake
- Cotton seed cake/meal
- Palm kernel cake
- Cowpea/groundnut fodder
- Soya bean cake/meal
- Sunflower seed cake/meal
- Cashew nut meal
- Copra cake
- Leguminous forage
(ii) Examples of forage legumes that could be found in rangelands in West Africa
- Centrosema (Centrosema pubescens)
- Tropical kudzu (Pueraria phaseoloides)
- Stylosanthes (Stylosanthes gracilis)
- Calopo (Calopogonium mucunoides)
- Mucuna (Mucuna utilis)
- Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)
(iii) Characteristics of labour
- It is mobile
- Has feelings
- It may be skilled or unskilled
- It appreciates with training or development
- It is subject to the law of diminishing returns
- It is a variable asset
- The reward for labour is wages and salaries
- The ownership of labour and use of labour cannot be separated
- The unit of labour is man days or man hours
- The size and quality of labour influence the quality and quantity of output
- Labour is perishable/if not utilized at a particular time it cannot be stored