(a) Briefly discuss the cultivation of cassava under the following:
(i) Soil requirement (ii) Land Preparation (iii) Spacing (iv) Weed Control (iv) Fertilizer Requirement (vii) Harvesting (viii) Storage
(b) Complete the following table under the following.
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Name of Diseases | Causal Organism | Farm animal | Symptoms |
Control |
| i | Coccidiosis | ||||
| ii | Rinderpes |
Explanation
(a) Cultivation of cassava
(i) Soil requirements
- Grows best on well drained sandy loam or clay loam
- Tolerant to poor soils
(ii) Land propagation
- Land is cleared, stumped, ploughed and harrowed
- Ridges/mounds could be made - May also be planted on flat land
(iii) Propagation
- Propagation by stem cuttings
- Stem cuttings are planted at an angle of about 45° or in a slanting position or buried flat
- About 2/3 of the stem cutting is buried in the soil
- The cuttings used must contain a good number of nodes
- Can also be propagated by seed (iv) Spacing
- lm x 1m
- 90cm x 90cm
(v) Weed control
- Regular weeding is done with use of hoe or cutlass
- Herbiscus could be used to control weeds
- Hand pulling of weeds could be done on a small scale
(vi) Fertilizer requirement
- Potassium fertilizer, e.g. muriate of potash
- NPK 10:10:20 or 15:15:15
(vii) Harvesting
- Maturity is about 6-15 months
- Harvesting is done by uprooting the tubers manually or mechanically
(viii) Storage
- Stored in processed forms such as cassava flour, chips, garri
- Tubers can be placed in a pit and covered with earth for storage on a small scale
- Could be peeled and kept in deep freezers
(b) Completion of the table Coccidiosis
(i) Casual organism
-Protozoan (Eimera spp)
(ii) Farm animal affected
- Poultry
- Rabbit
- Sheep
- Goat
(iii) Symptom
- Foul
-smelling droppings
- Bloody diarrhoea/droppings
- Droopiness
- Emaciation
- Rise in body temperature
- Loss of hair or alopecia (in rabbit)
(iv) Control
- Treatment with coccidiostat
- Regular change of litter
- Provision of clean water and feed
- Use of foot bath at the entrance of poultry houses Rlnderpest
(i) Causal organism
- Virus
(ii) Farm animal affected
- Cattle
- Goat
- Sheep
(iii) Symptom
- High fever
- Bloody diarrhoea
- Reduced milk yield
- High mortality
- Difficulty in breathing
- Lesions on tongue
(iv) Control
- Cull and destroy infected animal
- Routine vaccination