(a) Explain each of the following terms as used in animal nutrition (i) ration (ii) balanced diet (iii) maintenance ration (iv) production ration (v) malnutrition.
(b) Give two uses of each of the following animal products: (i) honey (ii) wool (iii) horn (iv) milk (d) egg.
Explanation
(a) Explanation of Terms used in Nutrition:
(i) Ration: (I) It is the amount of feed or diet given to an animal in a day/24 hours.
(2) It could be straight/individual ingredient or mix ration.
(3) It should be in wet or dry form.
(4) It could be in form of pellets, matched, block etc.
(ii) Balanced Diet:
(1) It is the feed that contains all the nutrients in the right proportion.
(2) It is for growth and production of an animal
(3) It is the feed that contains all the nutrient requirements of animals/different classes of animals
(iii) Maintenance Ration: (1) It is the amount of feed that is given to an animal to sustain its live weight.
(2)The purpose is to reduce the cost of management/feeding.
(3) To keep the animal alive for the intended purpose/future purpose.
(4) It is less expensive.
(iv) Production Ration: (1) It is the amount of feed supplied to an animal to promote growth and production.
(2) It is excess of maintenance requirement.
(3) It is more expensive to carry out.
(v) Malnutrition: (1 )It occurs in firm animals when they are fed with in-adequate or excess feed or unbalanced diet.
(2) It is an unhealthy condition which manifest in farm animals.
(3) It may result in production losses.
(b) Uses of Animal Products: (i) Honey: (1) Source of feed for animals/ additives/supplements
(2) Source of food humans/natural sweetener.
(3) Used for dressing of wounds/burns.
(4)Used in brewing honey beers.
(5) Used in confectionery industry.
(6) Used as a preservative.
(ii) Wool: (1) Used for insulation. (2) Used for the manufacture of brushes.
(3) Used as clothing material/seat covers/unholstery.
(4) Used in the manufacture of blankets and rugs. (5) Used for decoration/aesthetics.
(iii) Horn: (1) Used for manufacturing knife handles. (2) Used in the manufacture of fertilizer. (3) Used in the preparation of glues and buttons. (4)Used for aesthetics. (5) Used as music instrument/cultural use.
(iv) Milk: (1 ) Food for humans. (2) For feeding young livestock. (3) Used for making confectioneries. e.g biscuit, bread , cake. (4) Used in the preparation of dairy products, e.g yogurt, butter, ice cream.
(v) Egg: (1) It is used as feed for animal/egg shell for calcium. (2) It is used for the manufacture of vaccines/medicinal uses/drugs.
(3) Manufacture of adhesives/paints/power. (4) Food for humans. (5) Used in cosmetics. (6) Used for securing powder.