(a) Define the term digestion in farm animals.
(b) in a tabular form, give four differences between the digestive systems of a chicken and a goat
(c) List five methods of improving rangeland.
(d) Name the end product of digestion of each of the following nutrients: (i) carbohydrate (ii) protein (iii) fat and oil.
(e) State four function:, of proteins in farm animals (t) Mention two digestive enzymes found in the small intestines of a pig.
Explanation
(a)Digestion in farm animals: Digestion is the process of breaking down ingested feed into smaller substances/absorbable by cells of the animal.
(b) Differences between the digestive systems of a chicken and a goat
| Goat |
Chicken |
|
Presence of teeth for grinding |
Absence of teeth |
|
Presence of lips for holding |
Presence of beak for picking |
|
Four-chambered stomach |
Simple stomach |
|
Presence of rumen |
Absence of rumen |
|
Absence of crop |
Presence of crop |
|
Absence of gizzard/ventriculus |
Presence of gizzard/ventriculus |
|
Cannot digest high fibre feed/cellulose |
Can digest high fibre feed/cellulose |
|
Ruminates/regurgitates/chew the cud |
Does not ruminates |
|
Absence of proventiculus |
Presence of proventiculus |
(c) Methods of improving rangeland: (I) Irrigation (ii) Controlled burning (iii) Zero grazing/cut and carry system
(iv) Reseeding/rehabilitation/planting of cover crops (v) Controlled stocking (vi) Application of fertilizers (vii) Rotational grazing/avoidance of overgrazing/ padlocking
(viii) Pest control (ix) Diseases control (x) Weeding/rouging (xi) Erosion control
(d) End product of digestion: (i) Carbohydrate -Glucose (ii) Protein - Amino Acids (iii) Fat and oil -fatty acids and glycerol
(e) Functions of proteins in farm animals: (i) Growth (ii) It aids blood formation (iii) Repair of worn out tissues/deteriorating cells
(iv) Synthesis of enzymes (v) Production of antibodies/pro-vision of immunity (vi) Synthesis of hormones
(vii) Syn-thesis of pigments (viii) Milk production (ix) Egg production.
(f) Digestive enzymes in the small intestine of a pig: (i) Trypsin (ii) Amylase (iii) Lipase (iv) Peptidase/erepsin (v) Sucrase
(vi) Lactase (vii) Maltase