(a) State four functions of carbohydrates in farm animals.
(b) List four organs associated with respiration in farm animals.
(c) Mention two diseases that affects the respiratory system of farm animals
(d) Define the fol-lowing terms as used in animal physiology: (i) exhalation (ii) inhalation (iii) peristalsis (iv) ovulation (v) rumination.
Explanation
(a) Functions of carbohydrates in farm animals: (i) Provides energy for body activities (ii) Helps in the production of milk (iii) Involved in the formation of nucleic acid (iv) Maintains level of plasma (v) Helps in absorption of calcium and phosphorus in young animals (vi) Helps in secretion of digestive juices in the gastro intestinal tract.
(b) Organs of respiration in farm animals:
(i) Nostril/nose (ii) Trachea/windpipe (iii) Lungs.
(iv) Larynx (v) Diaphragm (vi) Bronchi/bronchioles (vii) Pharynx (viii) Alveoli/alveolus
(ix) Thoracic cavity (x) Body conformation (xi) Air sacs.
(c) Diseases that affect respiratory system of farm animals:
(i) Tuberculosis (ii) Pneumonia (iii) Bronchitis/Chronic Respiratory Diseases (CRD) (iv) Avian influenza/Bird flu (v)Allergic rhinitis (vi) Enzootic nasal granuloma
(d) Definition of terms: (i) Exhalation: Movement of air out of the external environment through the airways to the external environment during breathing. (ii) Inhalation: Movement of air from the external environment through the airways into the alveoli/lung during breathing. (iii) Peristalsis: The rhythmic movement of food along the digestive tract. (iv) Ovulation: Rupturing of the graafian follicle/ovary to release mature eggs/ova into the infundibulum/funnel/Fallopian tube under hormonal influence. (v) Rumination: Process of regurgitation, rechewing and reswallowing of chyme/partly digested feed/cud in ruminants.