(a) Mention two organs each in each of the following parts of rabbit: (i) head; (ii) thorax; (i) abdomen.
(b) State one function of each of the following organs in farm animals: (i) caecum; (1) gizzard; (1) crop: (iv) rumen; (v) lung
(C) State six practical ways of checking malnutrition in livestock production.
(d) Mention three examples of non-traditional farm animals.
Explanation
(a) Organs in Parts of Rabbit:
(i) Head: Tongue, Eye, ear, lips, teeth, nose/nostril, Mouth/oral cavity/buccal cavity, Brain, Skin, Hair, Skull
(ii) Thorax: Lung, Heart, Oesophagus, Trachea, Diaphragm, Thymus.
(iii) Abdomen: -Small intestine - Large intestine -Pancreas -Spleen, Bladder, Uterus, Fallopian tube/oviduct, Ovaries, Kidney, Liver, Stomach, Caecum, Colon
(b) Functions of Organs:
(i) Caecum:
- It aids fermentation of fibre.
- Absorption of fluid/salt/vitamins.
- Houses microbes which produce cellulase for microbial digestion.
- Site where digestion of forages take place in pseudoruminants.
(ii) Gizzard:
- Contains grit/stones for grinding feed in poultry/aids digestion.
- Stores feed in poultry/aids digestion
- Stores feed temporarily/regulation of feed flow.
- Mixes digestive enzymes with the feed/chemical degradation
(ii) Crop:
- Hunger sensation centre.
- Site for temporary storage of food feed/regulation of feed flow.
- Allows feed to be moistened for digestion/aids digestion.
- Acidification of feed.
(iv) Rumen:
- It facilitates rumination.
- Elimination of gases through eructation.
- Site for fermentation of fibrous feed.
- Houses microbes which facilitates digestion of fibre.
- Production of volatile fatty acids.
- Synthesis of vitamin B complex.
- Receives feed.
- It stores feed temporarily.
- Absorption of volatile fatty acids.
- Site of synthesis of microbial protein.
(v) Lung:
- Helps in intake of oxygen/breathing/respiration.
- Provide surface for gaseous exchange
- Helps in the elimination of carbon dioxide.
(c) Practical Way of Checking Malnutrition in Livestock Production :
- Deworming.
- Giving supplementary feed
- feeding weaker animals separately
- use of fortified feed
- adjusting stocking density
- feeding the animals adlibitum /without restriction
- Provision of quality feed.
- Avoid overfeeding/underfeeding
- Protecting animals from toxic plants.
- Provision of salt lick.
- Use of additives to stimulate feed intake.
- Provision of good quality water
- Balanced ration/diet
(d) Examples of Non-traditional farm animals. - Silkworm - Horse-Camel - Donkey -Quails -Grasscutter - Rabbit -Honey bees. -Geese Snail - Ducks -Guinea peas Pigeons.