(a) State 6 activities that could be carried out in the brooding of chicks
(b) Explain each of the following management practices in poultry production
i. deworming
ii. culling
iii. debeaking
iv. delousing
(c) State four signs of ill health in poultry
(d) Mention to organs in the circulatory system of farm animals
Explanation
(a) Activities that could be Carried out in the Brooding of Chicks:
- Disinfect brooder house
- Remove chicks from transportation box.
- Inspect the chicks for fitness.
- Introduce heat source
- Observe the behaviour of birds in relation to heat and make adjustments.
- Change litter appropriately
- Provide feed adlibitum.
- Provide water adlibitum.
- Clean and wash drinkers and feeders
- Gradually increase the space available to chicks as they grow older.
- Administer appropriately vaccination and drugs.
- Provide adequate ventilation in the brooder house.
- Provide adequate illumination
- Inspect chicks regularly to remove dead ones.
- Separate/cull weak birds.
- Gradually decrease the temperature as birds grow older.
- Culling of chicks.
- Provide wood shavings/ spread wood shavings.
(b) Explanation of management practices in poultry production:
(i) Deworming:
- Use of drugs to eliminate endoparasite.
- lt is done at six weeks of age and repeated every three months.
- lt can be done through injection or oral administration.
(ii) Culling:
- Removal of unproductive unwanted birds from the flock either sale o disposal.
- Culled birds are never returned.
(iii) Debeaking:
- This is the partial cutting/trimming of the upper beak when the bird is 8-10 weeks old.
- lt is done with a debeaker /knife scalpel/blade.
- lt is done to prevent cannibalism and egg pecking
- lt is mostly useful in cocks and lavers.
(iv) Delousing:
- lt is the removal of lice from the body of birds.
- lt is dene b dusting or careful dipping of birds in insecticide or by oral administration or injection.
c) Signs of ill health in poultry:
- Reduced appetite/ feed intake.
- Emaciation loss of weight.
- Dul appearance of wattle and comb.
- Reduced egg production/productivity.
- Huddling of chicks
- Diarrhoea.
- Ruffled feathers.
- Occular discharge eye discharge.
- Difieult breathing.
- Drooping o wings.
- High temperature/fever.
- Discolouration of droppings.
- Swollen body e.g leg. head Excessive salivation.
-Isolation
- Coma.
- Constipation.
- Anaemia.
- Twisted neck.
- Coughing.
- Restlessness.
(d) Organs in the circulatory system of farm animals:
- Heart Arteries blood vessels-Veins blood vessels.
- Capillaries blood vessels.