(a) Explain the term malnutrition in farm animals.
(b) State five effects of malnutrition in sheep.
(c) State five ways in which malnutrition could be prevented in rabbits.
(d) Mention two sources of each of the following nutrients in poultry feed: (i) Carbohydrates; (ii) Protein; (ii) Fats and oils; (iv) Calcium.
Explanation
(a) Explanation of malnutrition in farm animals: - Malnutrition is a condition caused y feeding animals with a diet deficient or excess in essential nutrients. -It can also occur when animal cannot utilize the nutrients in the feed due to ill health, stress and other factors. -It can occur when the right quantity of feed is not given to the animal. -Supplying feed whose nutrients are not in the right proportion.
(b) Effects of malnutrition in sheep: - Loss of weight/emaciation. -Anaemia. -High mortality/death rate -Poor body conformation. -Low immunity/high susceptibility to diseases. -Poor resistance to diseases -Physical deformity. -Dystocia/difficulty in parturition. -Low level of production/poor production. -Constipation/poor digestion. -Bloat. -Diarrhoea. -Ricket. -Osteomalacia. -Osteoporosis. -Stunted growth/ Poor growth. -Fatty meat.
(c) Ways of preventing malnutrition in rabbits: - Feeding with balanced diet. Supply of additives. -Feeding of weaker/young/sick/pregnant animals separately. Regular deworming. -Avoidance of overstocking in order to reduce competition. -Provision of good quality and adequate water. -Provision of supplementary feeding.
(d) Sources of nutrients in poultry feed: (i) Carbohydrates: - Cereals, e.g. rice, maize, wheat, guinea corn/sorghum, barley, oats, millet, process ed cereals. -Tủbers, e.g. cassava, potato, cocoyam, yam, chips, processed tubers. -Industrial waste, e.g. noodles, pasta, bread, biscuits. -Agro industrial by-products, e.g. peels, palm kernel cake, wheat bran, rice bran, pineapple pulp, citrus pulp. (ii) Protein: - Soyabean/soyabean cake. -Groundnut/ Groundnut cake. -Sesame seed. Cotton seed cake. -Blood meal. -Fish meal. -Maggot meal. -Meat meal. -Bambara seed. -Cowpea/beans. -Feather meal. -Insect meal. -Egg. -Milk. -Snail. -Crab. -Shrimp. (iii) Fats and Oils: - Cotton seed cake. -Groundnut oil/Groundnut. -Full fat soyabean. -Palm oil. -Shea butter. -Palm kernel oil. -Palm kernel cake. -Sunflower/sunflower cake. -Copra cake/coconut. -Animal fat/lard/ tallow (iv) Calcium: - Dicalcium phosphate. -Oyster shell. -Bone meal. -Egg shell. -Limestone. -Periwinkle shell. -Snail shell. -Crab shell. -Fossil.