1.Define the following terms: (i) Accommodation (ii) Metamorphosis
2. Why is the wall of the left ventricle of the heart thicker than that of the right ventricle?
3. Why is sugar contained in the urine of a person with diabetes mellitus?
4.Which hormone controls water reabsorption in the kidney?
5. Explain the significance of hemoglobin in respiration
Study the diagram below and use it to answer Question 6
6. (a) What is the aim of the experiment illustrated in the diagram above?
(b) Name the liquid labeled I. (c) Name two materials that can be used as living tissue (d) (i) What would happen to the level of solution inside the living tissue in both A and B if the set-up is allowed to stand for about three hours? (ii) Give a reason for your.answer (c) What is the function of set-up B?
7. (a) What is pest? (b) List three plant pests and name the plant attacked by each
Use the diagram below to answer Question 8
8 (a) identify the organism represented in the diagram
(b) List three features that adapt the organism to its environment.
9. (a) (i) identify specimens A and B without giving reasons. (ii) What are the possible habitats of specimens A and B? (b) Remove the wings of specimen A and make a large labeled drawing 12cm to 15 long of it. (C) In a tabular form, give three differences between specimens A and B (d) Give two economic importance of specimen A and one of specimen B
10. (a) What types of leaves are specimens C,D and E?
(b) () identity the leaf arrangement in specimen D. (ii) What type of venation is exhibited in specimen C?
(c) Observe specimens C and E with a hand-lens. Which one has more stomata? (d) (i) State the likely habitat of the plants from which specimen C was obtained.
(ii) Of what importance are specimens C, D and E to the plant? [1mark] (e) Making use of the hand lens, identify specimens F, G and H
(f) State their modes of nutrition? (g) State two Observable differences between specimens F andG|.
11. (a) identify specimens I,J and K stating organism from which each has been obtained.
(b) List two functions of each of the specimens. (C) Arrange tne specimens in order of evolutionary advancement.
Explanation
1.(i) Accommodation is the ability of the eye to focus (both near and distant) objects on the retina or the ability to see clearly (far and near) objects. It is also the adjustments of tne focal length of the eye to see clearly. (i) Metamorphosis is a process by which organisms change or develop from egg to adult.
2. The wall of the left ventricle is thicker because the left ventricle pumps (oxygenated) blood to more parts of the body than the right ventricles. Right ventricle pumps Blood only to the lungs while the left ventricle pumps blood to the other parts of the body.
3. In a diabetic person, there is either insufficient or inadequate or no insulin at all to convert the excess sugar to glycogen for storage in tne Liver. This causes excess sugar to be contained in the urine.
4. Vasopressin or Anti-diuretic Hormones (ADH) controls the reabsorption of water in the kidney.
5. Hemoglobin has an affinity for oxygen with which it combines loosely to form oxyhaemoglobin. In the tissues, the oxyhaemoglobin dissociates to release oxygen in the cells for tissue respiration or internal respiration.
6(a) The aim of the experiment is to demonstrate osmosis in a living tissue or to demonstrate that water moves from the region of higher concentration through a semi-permeable or selective permeable membrane. (b) The liquid labeled I is water Yam potato. pawpaw, pig's bladder or cocoyam can be used as a living tissue.
(d)(i) The level of the solution in A will rise while the level of B will remain the same. (ii) In the soup A, the trough has a higher concentration of water molecules than the sugar solution, so there is a movement of water molecules rough through the living tissues into the sugar solution. OR there is a higher osmotic pressure in the sugar solution than in the trough, so water molecules move from the trough through the cells of the living tissues into the sugar solution. In set-up B, the concentration of water molecules are the same in the trough and in the yam cup.
(e) Set up B serves as a control.
7.(a) A pest is an organism (living organism) which harms or causes damage to man, his animals, crops or possession (b) Aphid attacks orange, citrus, cocoa, banana. cowpea. beans. beetles attacks banana, yam, bean, coconut, cocoa, palms. Weevils cereal crops. attack grains, beans, rice, corn, millet. Grasshopper/ Locust attacks cassava, all crops. Stem borer attacks maize, cocoa plant, Cocoa, Cotton cereal Crops. Mealy bug attacks cassava, mango bitter leaf. (African) armyworm attacks rice, sorghum, guinea crops. Rodents attacks tubers, maize, groundnut, sugarcane stem. Termites attacks any named plant. Cotton stainners attack cotton. Caterpiller attacks vegetables.
8. Hydrophyte or with air water lettuce or Pistia (b) Light body (ii) poorly developed strengthening tissue (iii) presence of alir spaces, spongy tissue and presence of parenchvma, (iv) presence of poorly developed conducting tissue (V) presence of thin cuticle or absence of cuticle (vi) presence of stomata only on the upper of the leaf (vii) presence of stolon (viii) presence of fibrous roots for water absorption.
9.(a) Specimen A is Cockroach while Specimen B is Earthworm (i) Specimen A is found in dark corners, Crevices, shelves, Cupboards, cartons containing food stuff or books, dirty toilet. Specimen B is found in damp or humid soil, mud and moist soil.
(c) Differences between specimen A and B are: Cockroach (Specimen A)
(i)Body is divided into head, thorax and abdomen,(ii) Antenna present (iii) Legs present iv) Wings present (v) Eyes present (vi) Clitellum absent (vi) Chaetae/setae absent (vii) Distinct head present.
Earthworm
(Specimen Body not divided into head, thorax and abdomen (not divided into three (three regions.) regions), Legs absent, Wings absent, Eye absent, Clitellum present, Chaetae/setae present, Distinct head absent.
(d) Specimen A is a disease vector. It: (i) destroys books, clothes, food etc (ii) deposits feces on clothes/ books to stain them (iii) causes discomfort by biting human body and introducing germs into it. (iv) loosens soil, making it well aerated.
Specimen B: (i) burrows the soil to make it easy for growth of roots (ii) is used as a bait for fishing (iii) dead worms and earthworm casts enrich the soil. (iv) drags leaves into the soil thereby improving soil fertility (iv) burrows to enhance water drainage.
10(a)Specimen C is a simple leaf. Specimen D is bipinnate or compound leaf. Specimen Eis pinnate or compound leaf (b)(i)Opposite (ii) Net (venation) or Reticulate (venation) (c) Specimen C and Specimen E. (d)(i)Terrestrial, land or Savannah (ii) (1) Photosynthesis for manufacture of food (2) respiration (3) excretion (4) transpiration or loss of water. (e) F = Mould, fungus, Rhozopus mucor, G= Spirogyra, Filamentous alga or green alga. H = Tick, F= Saprophytic or saprobic; G = Photosynthetic, autotrophic or holopytiC; H= Parasitic
Observable differences between specimens Fand G are:
|
Specimen F |
Specimen G |
|
grey/brown/black in colour |
Green in colour |
|
Sporangia is present |
Sporangia is absent |
|
Specimen F is fiuffy/powdery |
Specimen G is slimy. |
|
Spiral) chloroplast absent spiral) |
chloroplast present |
| branched |
unbranched/filamentous |
11(a) Specimen I= Scale(s) from fish; J = Feather(s) from Fowl or Bird; K= Hair(s) from mammal
(b) Specimen I (i) Protection or camouflage (ii) Water proofing. - Specimen J (i) Insulation or temperature regulation. (ii) adaptation for flight or aerial life (il) protection and camoutlage (iv) courtship,beautification and gender differentiation (v) maintenance of body shape (vi) water proofing or prevents water loss.
Specimen K (i) protection and camouflage (ii) insulation and temperature regulation (ili) courtship, for attraction of mating partners, beautification, gender differentiation (c) Scale - Feather -Hairs/ I,J,K/K J I. Or Scale from fish, feather from bird, (Hair from mammal (e.g rat) )