(a) (i) Name four similarities found in plant and animal cells
(ii) In a tabular form list four different cells found in man and give a function for each of the cells.
(b) (i) Name the two types of cell divisions.
(ii) Give two examples each of life processes involved in each type of the cell division.
(c) Name the two types of reproduction usually associated with organisms.
Explanation
(a) (i) Similarities found in plant and animal cells are: Cytoplasm, Nucleus, nucleolus, DNA, RNA, chromosomes, Cell membrane, Mitochondria, Golgi bodies, Endoplasmic reticulum, Nuclear membrane, Ribosomes.
| Types of human cells | Functions |
| Red blood cells/ corpuscles/ erythrocytes | perform circulatory, excretory, respiratory or transport functions; carry O\(_2\) to or round the body and remove CO\(_2\) from cells. |
| White blood cells/ leucocytes | Defend, protect the body and provide immunity. |
| Epidermal cells | protect the body against disease germs, infection or dehydration |
| Nerve cells/ spermatozoa | for reproduction/ fertilization |
| Nerve cells/ neurons | Transmit impulses or messages from nerve fibres |
| Ova/ eggs | for reproduction |
| muscle cells | from muscles for movement or locomotion and attachment of bones and give shape to the body |
| Bone cells / oesteoblast / oesteocytes | Form bones, give support to or aid movement and give shape to the body |
| Chondroblast/ cartilage | Attachment of bones (support) |
| Rods | Photo receptor in dim light |
| Cone | Photo receptor in bright light |
(b) (i) The two types of cell divisions are Mitosis and Meiosis (ii)(a) Examples of life processes involved in mitosis are: Formation of new cells in the maiphigian layer of skin, Production of red blood cells and white blood cells in the bone marrow, Cell division in liver, Growth Spermatogenesis, Repair or healing of wound, Binary fission.
(b) Examples of life processes involved in meiosis are: Formation of sperms (male gametes), Formation of oval eggs (female gametes), Formation of pollen grains in anther of flowering plants, Formation of ovules (in ovary) of flowering plants.
(c) Two reproductive methods in organisms are: Sexual and Asexual