(a) Describe the characteristic features of the vegetation of the tropical rain forest.
(b) Name two types of savanna found in Nigeria giving one example in each case of a town where they occur.
(c) Describe briefly three ways each by which animals in arid habitats are adapted to: (i) drought; (ii) high temperatures [5 marks]
Explanation
(a) The Characteristic Features of the Vegetation of Tropical rain forest are as follows:
(i)Vegetation divided into 5 layers/strata.
(ii) Ground layer of non-woody Oviduct plants/I ichens/fernsigrasses.
(iii) Lower layer of shade-loving dwarf/tree/palms/ shrubs.
(iv) Middle layer of small trees with Funnel I elongated narrow crowns.
(v) Upper layer oviduct Ovary of tall trees whose crowns form a continuous canopy.
(vi) The emergent trees come Uterus above the canopy at intervals,
(vii) The forest is very rich is species.
(viii) Trees Cervix have straight/slender trunks with branches mostly near the top.
(ix) Most of the trees are evergreen.
(x) Most of the trees have Vagina buttress and prop roots that support tall stems.
(xi) The leaves of the trees tend to be broad.
(xii) The flowers of these trees Vulva are usually small.
(xiii) Epiphytes, climbers and parasitic plants are numerous and form close associations with the dominant plants.
(xiv) Epiphytes have adaptations for storing water and absorbing moisture from the air.
(b) Types of Savannah and area(s) or town(s) found:
Guinea Savannah (h) - Kaduna, florin, Bida. Sahel Savannah (h) - Maiduguri .
Sudan Savannah (h) - Kano, Borno, Sokoto, Gongola, Bauchi.
(c)(i) The ways by which animals in arid habitat are adapted to droughts and high temperature are:
(1) Use of metabolic water.
(2) Production of concentrated water/urine.
(3) Living in burrows/hibernation.
(4)Thick scales/ skin to prevent water loss by evaporation.
(ii) High temperature:
(1) Seeking shade to keep cool.
(2) Nocturnal life.
(3) Living in burrows/underground tunnels where temperature is low.
(4) Restricting activities to cooler periods.