(a) Study carefully specimens A, B, C, and D. copy and complete the table below
| Specimen | Part modified to form specimen | Mode of propagation | Stored material |
| A | |||
| B | |||
| C | |||
| D |
(b) In a tabular form state four observable differences between specimens A and C.
(c) Crush a small portion of specimen D and divide it into three equal parts. (i) Place a portion on a white tile and add two (2) drops of iodine solution.
(ii) Place another portion in a test tube and add one (1) ml of distilled water and shake. Add few drops of sodium hydroxide solution and shake again. Slowly add a few drop of 1% Copper (ii) sulphate solution. (iii) Smear the third part on a filter paper, leave for about five (5) minutes and observe carefully
Explanation
| Specimen | Part modified to form specimen | Mode of propagation | Stored material |
| A | stem | stem | water/carbohydrate |
| B | shoot | bulb |
water/sucrose |
| C | stem | rhizome |
water/starch |
| D | root | root tuber/seed |
water/starch/sugar |
(b) Structural differences between A/Cactus and C/Ginger
|
A (Stem of Cactus) |
C (Rhizome of Ginger) |
|
Green in colour, |
Brown/grey/yellow in colour; |
|
Flattened in shape |
Cylindrical shape, |
|
Leaves reduced to spines; |
Leaves reduced to scales |
|
Absence of nodes/internodes, |
Presence of nodes/internodes; |
|
Adventitious roots absent |
Adventitious roots present; |
|
Terminal buds absent. |
Terminal buds present. |
(C) Test for food substance(s) in Specimen D/Carrot
|
Test (correctly recorded) |
Observation |
Inference |
|
Portion of D and two drops of iodine solution; |
Blue-black colour formed/obtained |
Presence of starch |
|
Portion of D plus 1ml of water add a few drops of sodium hydroxide/ NaOH solution and 1% Copper Sulphate solution; |
No colour change Blue colour retained |
Protein absent |
|
Crush and smear a portion of D on a filter paper and leave for five(5) mins |
Paper stained orange |
Fat absent |