Study Specimen G and H carefully them to answer question 2 (a) to 2(c).
(a) (i) Name the phylum of specimens G and H.
(ii) State two reasons for the answer given in 2 (a)(i).
(b) Name the structures on specimen G and H that are used for defense.
(c)(i) State two habitat of each of specimen G and H. (i) State two ways in which each of specimen G and H are of economic importance.
Study specimen M, N and P carefully and use them to answer question 2 (d) and 2 (e).
(d) (i) Name the class of organisms to which each of the specimen M, N and P are associated. (ii) State one function common to the specimen named in 2 (d)(i).
(iii) In a tabular form, State four observable difference between specimen M and P.
(e) Explain three features of biological importance in Specimen M.
Explanation
(a)(i) Phylum of specimens G and H -Arthoropoda
(ii) Reasons: -presence of jointed legs/appendages,
- presence of chitinous exoskeleton;
- Metamerically seamented:
- Bilateral symmetry;
- Have three body layers triploblastic.
(b) uructures of specimens G and H used for defence: G - Sting/Ovipositor; H - (Strong and powerful/biting) mandible/jaw.
(C)(i) Habitats of specimens G and H
G- (Bee) Hive
H-Termitarium/anthill/termite mound/nest/soil/old logs of trees/timber of wooden buildings.
(ii) Economic importance of Specimens G and H:
G-It pollinates flowers
- it produces honey,
- produces wax;
- sting causes pain/death:
- bee keeping is a source of employment/ income,
H-it destroys wood/furniture/books;
- it destroys crops/plants;
The termitarium is used as tennis lawb court
- source of food/ protein.
- aids soil aeration through tunnelling;
- enhances penetration of water into the Soil/increases porosity;
- introduces vegetable/plant matter into the soil/ increases humus contents,
-their mound/ termitarium forms impediments to land use.
(d)(i)Class of organisms to which specimens M, N and P belong:
M-Aves, N - Osteichthyes, P - Mammalia.
Common features of specimens N, N and P: protection of the organism (against mechanical injury/dessication)
(ii) Observable differences between specimens M and P
|
Specimen M/Quill feather |
Specimen P/ Mammalian skin with hair |
|
Presence of inferior umbilicus |
absence of inferior umbilicus, |
|
Presence of superior umbilicus |
absence of superior umbilicus |
|
- Presence of after shaft |
absence of after shaft; |
|
Presence of shaft/rachis |
absence of shaft/rachis; |
|
- Presence of Quil/calamus |
absence of Quill/calamus; |
|
- Presence of barbs |
absence of barbs; |
|
Absence of hair/fur |
presence of hair/fur |
|
Texture is hard when touched |
texture is soft when touched; |
|
- Barbs are restricted to certain parts of the Quill |
Hairs/ fur cover the whole surface of the specimen. |
(e) Structures of biological importance in Specimen M:
- Presence of Quill feather,
serves as water proof/protection
keeps the bird warm/insulation;
- vane is flat/broad; to provide surface area for flapping during flight/against desiccation;
- rachis/shaft which is centrally placed; to provide point of attachment to barbs/strengthen the feather
- barbs with hooks; interlock to form the vane;
- the overlapping arrangements of Quill feathers over the body of birds; allows smooth movement/li resistance flight;
- colouration of the Quill feather; enhances courtship display/camouflage.