Study specimens T, V and W carefully and use them to answer questions 4(a) to 4(d)
(a) Classify Specimen T,V and W according to the following criteria: (i) Agricultural classification: (ii) Life cycle.
(b) State two ways in which specimen W is important to human nutrition.
(c) With a scalpel or knife, make a cross Section of specimen T.
(ii) What type of placentation is observed in the cut section of specimen T? Name one example of a fruit with similar placentation as observed in the cut section of specimen T.
Make a drawing 10 cm – 12 cm long of the transverse section and label fully.
(d) Make a transverse section of Specimen V and state: (i) Three Observable differences;
(ii) Three observable similarities; between the transverse section of specimen T and V.
Study specimen Xi and Xii and use them to answer question 4 (e) (i) to 4 (e) (ii)
(e) Carefully remove the bark of specimen Xi to expose the naked part.
(i) State two observable differences between Specimen Xi and Xii.
(ii) If Xi and Xii are planted, what difference will be noticed after a month? State one reason for the answer in 4 (e)(ii)
Explanation
(a) Classification of specimens T, V and W accroding to (i) TAgricultural method:
T- Fruit crop, V - Vegetable crop, W- Root tuber.
(ii) Life cycle: T- Perennial, V - Annual, W - Biennial.
Ways Specimen W is important to human nutrition:
- Source of food/starch/carbohydrate;
- Energy is produced
- Used for industrial purpose/employment/source of income.
(c) (i) Type of placentation:Axile.
(ii) Example of a fruit with similar placentation: Garden egg: pepper; tomato or any other correctly named fruit.
(iii) Drawing/Diagram of the Transverse section/TS/Cross section of specimen T/Orange/Lemon/Lime/or any other correctly named Citurs fruit.
(d)(i) Observable differences between the cross section of specimens T/Orange and V/tomato
.
|
Specimen T/Orange/Orange/Lemon/Lime/Citrus fruit |
Specimen V/Tomato |
|
- Few or no seeds |
Many seeds present; |
|
- Bigger/larger seeds |
Smaller seeds present; |
|
Epicarp/mesocarp are hard |
Epicarp/mesocarp are soft/juicy |
|
- Epicarp is yellowsh/greenish |
Epicarp/mesocarp is bright red |
|
- Small placenta; |
Big/large placenta; |
|
Presence of succulent hairs in the endocarp |
Juicy pulp/endocarp |
(i) Observable similarities betwen the cross section of specimens: T/Orange/Lemaon/Lime/Citurs fruit and V tomato
- Both have fused epicarp and mesocarp;
- Both have seeds/berry;
- Both have succulent endocarp;
- Both have axile placentation;
- Both have are brightly coloured;
- Both are spherical in shape.
(e)(i)Observable differences between Specimens X\(_i\) and X\(_{ii}\)
|
X\(_i\) |
X\(_{ii}\) |
|
- No node present |
Node present |
|
- No internode |
Internode present |
|
Scale leaf/bark absent |
Scale leaf/bark present |
|
White wood/colour seen |
Brown/Green stem |
(ii) Difference to be noted : X\(_{ii}\) will germinate while X\(_i\) will not germinate/will decay (ii) Reason : X\(_{ii}\) possesses axillary buds that will make it germinate but they were removed in X\(_i\)