(a) State two difference between tactic and nastic movements in plants.
(b) Give two examples each of organisms that show:
(i) tactic movement
(ii) nastic movement
(c) (i) State three ways of caring for the mammalian skin.
(ii) List three stimuli to which the mammalian skin is sensitive.
(d) State five effects of high temperature on a terrestrial habitat.
(e) (i) What is courtship behaviour in animals?
(ii) List three courtship behaviours in animals.
(f) Name three organisms that carry out holozoic mode of nutrition.
(g) Explain briefly how fingerprinting can be used to detect crime.
Explanation
(a) Differences between tactic and nastic movements in plants
| Tactic movement | Nastic movement |
| movement of whole organism / entire plant | movement shown by part of a plant |
| movement is directly towards / from stimulus | Non-directional movement |
| stimuli consist of light / heat / chemical | stimulus is touched / tugor pressure |
(b) Examples of organisms that show
(i) Tactic movement
- Volvox
- Chlamydomonas
- Egulena
- earthworm
- tilapia
(ii) Nastic movement
- Morning glory
- Mimosa
- Pride of Barbados (Caesalpinia)
- Four-o-clock plant
- Morning flower
- sunflower
- Desmodium
- clover
(c)(i) Care of the skin
- Eating balanced diet rich in vitamins A/B2/E
- Engaging in regular exercise
- Washing the skin with clean water and soap daily;
- Drinking lost of water
- Moisturising/rubbing the skin with lotion/cream
- Avoilding excessive exposure to ultraviolent yars/radiation
- Avoilding bleaching creams/harsh chemicals
- Wearing clean clothes next to skin
- Protect the skin against injury.
(ii) Stimuli to which the mammalian skin is sensitive
- Touch
- Pressure
- Heat
- Cold
- Pain
- Chemicals
(d) Effects of high temperature on terrestrial habitat
- Causes high transpiration rate in plants
- Plants wither/wilt
- Leads to high rate of metabolism in both plants and animals
- There is a high rate of decay of organic matter
- Leads to high rate of growth; and shorter length of life cycle in toad/housefly
- Makes poikilothermic animals to look for shelter from heat/hibernation
- There is high rate of water loss in animals/sweating/perspiration
- Leads to high incidence of bush fires
- Migration/emigration
(e)(i) Courtship behaviour in animals
A type of behaviour/instinctive action in animals; that play an important role in attracting a compatible mate/ opposite sex; of the same species; for copulation/sexual reproduction
(ii) Courtship behaviours in animals
- Pairing
- Territoriality
- Seasonal migration
- Smell/release of attractive sex hormones/odour
- Display of prominent colour patterns
- Mating calls/croaking/vocal displays/sound signal
- Dancing/attractive movements.
(f) Examples of organisms that carry out holozoic mode of nutrition
- Goat
- rat
- lizard
- frog
- bird
- human
- any correctly named example; pitcher plants; sundew; bladder worths.
(g) Use of fingerprinting in crime detection
No two individuals have the same/identical pattern/contour of fingerprints/hence it is used for crime detection; fingerprints left behind by a criminal at the scene of a crime/door/table/weapon/on victim; provide a valuable clue in the detection and subsequent arrest of a criminal; the fingerprints left on the scene of crime are photographed; and the crime suspect's fingerprints are taken and compared with the fingerprint at the scene of crime; if it matches then the suspect is the criminal.