Study specimens H, K, L and M and answer questions 2 (a) to 2 (e).
(a) Name the location of each of the specimens H, K and M in the body of a mammal.
(b)(i) Name the fluid in specimen L (ii) State two functions of the fluid named in 2 (b) (i). (iii) Which of the other specimens is specimen L associated with?
(c)(i) State two observable differences between specimens H and K. (i) State two observable features of specimen K that adapt it to its function.
State one biological importance each of specimens K and M.
(d) Make a drawing 8 cm -10 cm long, of specimen M and label fully.
Explanation
(a) Location of Specimens H, K and M In the body of a mammal
Specimen H/Liver: Below the diaphragm/upper part of the abdominal cavity/abdomen.
Specimen K/Lung: Thoracic cavity/chest/thorax/thoracic region:
Specimen M/Kidney: Located at the dorsal wall of the abdominal cavity/abdomen.
(b)(i) Fluid in Specimen L: Bile
(ii) Functions of the fluid in Specimen L:
- It emulsifies fats (and oils into fat droplets);
-The inorganic salts in it neutralize the acid in the chyme/bile neutralizes chime
- It provides alkaline medium for pancreatic juice to act;
- It prevents the decay of food in the small intestine.
- It gives brownish and yellowish coloration of feces.
(iii) Other Specimen that Specimen L is associated with Specimen H/Liver.
(c)(i) Observable differences between Specimens H/Liver and K/Lung
-Specimen H/Liver is more solid/thick/turgid while Specimen K/Lung is soft/softer/fluffy/spongy
-Specimen H/Liver is darker/dark red in color while specimen K/Lung is brighter/red/pink in color
Specimen H/Liver is smoother on the surface while Specimen K/Lung is folded/convoluted surface.
(ii) Observable features that adapt Specimen K/Lung to its function:
- Moist/wet surface; for dissolving gases/O\(_2\) /Co\(_2\),
- Thin surface membrane for easy diffusion/exchange of gases;
- Many blood vessels/highly vascularised/for transportation of gases/dissolved food substances
(d) Biological importance of Specimens K/Lung and M/Kidney:
Specimen K/Lung Surface for inspiration and expiration/exchange of gases/respiration.
Specimen M/Kidney - Osmoregulation; - Production of urine/excretion/excretion of metabolic waste; - Maintenance of acid-base balance
(e) Drawing/diagram of longitudinal section of Specimen M/Kidney
