2018 WAEC Biology Theory The diagrams below are illustrations of two organisms.  Study them and answer question 3 (a)…

Biology WAEC 2018

The diagrams below are illustrations of two organisms.  Study them and answer question 3 (a) to (f)

(a)(i) Identify organisms A and B.                                                              
(ii) Name the parts labeled I to X.                                                            
(b) State one function each of the parts labeled VI, VIII, IX and X.                               
(c) Name the specific habitats of organisms A and B.                                   
(d) State three structural adaptations of organism A to its mode of life.              
(e)(i)State three structural similarities between organisms A and B.                       
(ii) State three structural differences between organisms A and B.                      
(f)(i)  Name the class of organisms A and B.                                               
(ii) State three reasons for the answer in  (f) (i).                                    
(g)State one biological importance of organism A.                      

Explanation

(a) (i) Identification of organisms
A – Butterfly/Papilio sp.
B – Housefly/Musca sp.

(ii) Name of labeled parts

I- Head;                                            VI- Antenna;

II- Antenna;                                       VII- Head;

III- Thorax;                                          VIII- Compound eye;

IV- Fore(wing);                                   IX- fore (wing);

V- Abdomen;                                    X- leg.                                                                                                                        
(b)     Function of parts
VI - Antenna: for feeling/ sensitivity (to touch/smell/vibrations);
VIII - Compound eye: for seeing/ sight/vision;
IX - wing: for balancing/flying/ flight;
X - leg: for walking/ crawling/ running.

(c) Specific habitats of organisms A and B
A /Butterfly: Garden, farm/ flowering plants/ trees;
B /Housefly: Latrines/ toilets/ refuse dumps/ exposed food/ sewage/ decaying organic matter.                                                                                      
(d) Structural adaptations of organism A

  • Large/ broad wings; for flight;
  • Long thin proboscis/mouthpart; for sucking nectar;
  • Long clubbed antennae; for sensitivity;
  • Large compound eyes; for vision  .

                                         
Note: The structure must be correctly qualified to score; but 1mark will be awarded for correct function.
(e) (i) Structural similarities between organisms A and B
Both possess     

  • Wings;
  • Three body divisions/head, thorax and abdomen;
  • A pair of antennae; 
  • A pair of compound eyes.                                                            
  • Segmented body                                      

 (ii) Structural differences between organisms A and B


A/Butterfly

B/Housefly

Broad wings

Narrow wings;

Antennae is clubbed/knobbed

Antennae is not clubbed/knobbed;

Long antennae

Short antennae;

Smaller compound eyes

Bigger compound eyes;

Scales present

Scales absent;

Hind wings present

Hind wings reduced to halters;

Simple eyes absent

Simple eyes present;

Hair absent

Hair present;

(f) (i) Class of organisms A and B
Insecta                                                                                               

       (ii) Reasons for the answer in (f) (i)

  • Presence of wings;
  • Three body divisions/ head, thorax and abdomen;
  • A pair of antennae;
  • Three pairs of jointed legs (on the thorax);
  • Presence of a pair of compound eyes;                             
  • Segmented body.                                                                                                                                                                                        
    (g)        Biological importance of organism A
  • It pollinates flowers;
  • It is a source of food for some organisms.
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