Study specimens H and J and answer questions 2(a) to 2(d).
(a)i) Name the Kingdom and Class of organisms from which specimen H could be obtained.
(ii) Name the specific location on the body of the organism from which specimen H could be obtained.
(iii) Name one example of organism from which specimen H could be obtained.
(bi) State six observable structural differences between specimens H and J.
| H | J |
(c) State one function each of specimens H and J to the organisms that possess them. H:(ii) State three observable structural similarities between specimens H and J.
(d) Mention: (i) three observable features that adapt specimen H to the function stated against it in 2(c);
(i) two observable features that adapt specimen J to the function stated against it in 2(c).
Explanation
(a)i) Kingdom and Class of Organism from which Specimen H (quill feather) could be Obtained:
Kingdom -->Animalia
Class --> Aves
(ii) Location on the Body of Organism from which Specimen H (quill feather) could be Obtained: Wing (s) or tail(s).
(iii) Example of Organism from which Specimen H (quill feather) could be Obtained Chicken, pigeon, domestic fowl, cock, hen, vulture, ostrich, duck, gull.
(b(i) Differences between Specimens H & J:
| Specimen H |
Specimen J/Palm frond |
|
Barbs present |
Barbs are absent |
|
Vanes present |
Vanes are absent |
|
Vein absent |
Vein present |
|
Shaft/rachis present |
Shaft/rachis absent |
|
Midrib absent |
Midrib present |
|
Petiole absent |
Petiole present |
|
Smaller in size |
Larger in size |
|
Sharp margin absent |
Sharp margin present |
|
Non-green in colour |
Green in colour |
|
Barbules present |
Barbules absent |
|
Calamus present |
Calamus absent |
|
Inferior/superior umbilicus present |
Inferior/superior umbilicus absent |
|
Aftershaft present |
Aftershaft absent |
|
Barbs are diagonal |
Venation is parallel |
|
Blunt end |
Tapers at the end/apex |
|
Short barb(s) |
Long leaflet |
|
Sharp apex absent |
Sharp apex present |
ii) Similarities between Specimen and J:
- they both possess point attachment; they both posses apex - they both have margin; - both have glossy surface.
(c) Functions of specimen H (quill feather) and Specimen J (palm frond) to the organism that posses them
Specimen H:-Flight/flying:- Insulation;-Camouflage; - Sexual / courtship display;- Protection: - Waterproof; identification: - Gives shape.
Specimen J: Photosynthesis manufacture of food /transpiration. gaseous exchange.
(d) Observable Features that Adapt Specimens H and J to their Functions:
Specimen H (quill feather): - strong and firm, to beat against air/wind/protection/insulation;
-Hollow shaft / rachis/light weight; for buoyancy;
- interlocking barbules/closely packed barbs for upthrust,color for camouflage
courtship display/identification;
glossy surface; for waterproof.
Specimen J (Palm frond): - green colour for photosynthesis;
veins; for conduct / transport of water/nutrient / food;
-glossy/waxy surface; makes it waterproof.