An individual ate a hot and large meal of cassava with salty groundnut soup. The individual was sweating profusely and did not drink water after the meal.
(a) State one role each played by the following organs involved in the activity above:
(i) mouth; (ii) skin; (iii) tongue; (iv) kidney; (v) stomach; (vi) small intestine; (vii) large intestine; (viii) liver.
(b) Name three of the organs listed in 2(a) that contain enzymes needed to breakdown the food.
(c) Name three digestive enzymes that would be involved in the digestion of the meal.
(d) Name two end products of the meal after digestion.
(e)(i) State one effect that the excess salt in the meal might have on the individual.
(ii) State three advantages that the individual would derive from the meal.
Explanation
(a)Roles played by the organs involved:
(i) Mouth: contains saliva that moistens or softens the food.
(ii)Skin excretes excess salt and eliminates excretory waste from the body.
(iii)Tongue tastes the food and rolls the food into bolus.
(iv)Kidney excretes excess water and salt or carries out osmoregulation.
(v)Stomach temporarily stores the food/churning of the ingested food.
(vi)Small intestine absorbs and digests the food as the enzyme maltase converts maltose into glucose while lipase converts fats and oil to fatty acids and glycerol.
(vii)Large intestine moves waste to the rectum as faeces to be egested out of the body through the anus.
(viii)Liver converts excess glucose to glycogen for storage/ deaminates excess amino acids.
(b) Three Organs that would contain enzymes needed to break down food include:
- Mouth
- Stomach
- Small intestine
(c)Three digestive enzymes that would be involved in the digestion of the meal.
- salivary amylase/ptyalin
- pancreatic amylase
- Lipase
(d)Two end products of the meal after digestion.
- amino acids
- glucose
- fatty acids and glycerol
(e)(i)one effect that the excess salt in the meal might have on the individual.
- headache
- stroke
- dehydration
- heart failure
- high blood pressure
- enlarges heart muscles
- kidney disease
(ii)Three advantages that the individual would derive from the meal.
- The immune system will be strengthened.
- Digestion will be improved.
- Energy rate will be increased.
- Immune system wil be strengthened.
- Cardiovascular disease would be prevented.