Answer all the questions in this section.
Study specimen S, T, U, V and Wand answer questions 4 (a) to 4(e).
(a) (i) Name the habitats of each of specimens S, U and W.
(ii) Name the class to which each of specimens S, U and W belong.
(b) State: (i) Four observable similarities between specimens S and U. (ii) five observable differences between specimens S and U.
(c)(i) identify the sex of specimen U. (i) State two reasons for the answer in 4 (c)(i).
(d)State four observable features that adapt specimen S to its habitat.
(e) Construct a food chain using at least three of the given specimens.
Study specimens H, K, L and M and answer questions 2 (a) to 2 (e).
(a) Name the location of each of the specimens H, K and M in the body of a mammal.
(b)(i) Name the fluid in specimen L (ii) State two functions of the fluid named in 2 (b) (i). (iii) Which of the other specimens is specimen L associated with?
(c)(i) State two observable differences between specimens H and K. (i) State two observable features of specimen K that adapt it to its function.
State one biological importance each of specimens K and M.
(d) Make a drawing 8 cm -10 cm long, of specimen M and label fully.
(a)(i) Cut a pieces of specimen A, place it on the white tile. Add a few drops of iodine solution. Record the observation and result in a tabular form.
(ii) Squeeze a few drops of specimen E on another clean white tile provided, add a few dre Record the observation and result in a tabular form.
(b)(i) State two observables differences between specimens A and B. (ii) Suggest two factors that are likely to be responsible for the state of specimen B.
(iii) With the aid of hand lens/magnifying lens, observe.specimen B. and name an organism that is likely growing on it. (iv) State the mode of feeding of the organism on specimen B (c) ) Make a drawing 6cm-8 cm long, of specimen C and label fully. one function each of any three parts labeled.
Study specimen R and answer questions 4(a) to 4(c).
(a) (i) Name the phylum of specimen R. (ii) State two reasons for the answer in 4(a)(i).
(iii) State the habitat of specimen R. (b) (i) State two structural features that adapt specimen R to its habitat. (ii) State three ways in which specimen R is of economic importance.
(c) Make a drawing,8cm- 10cm long of the dorsal view of specimen R and label fully.
Study specimens S and T and answer questions 4(d) to 4(e).
(d) What type of fruits are specimens S and T?
(e) (i) State four observable differences between specimens S and T.
(ii) State three observable similarities between specimens S and T.
Study specimens C, D and E carefully and answer questions 1(a) to 1(C).
(a) (i) Name the phylum to which specimens C and E belong. (ii) State two reasons for the answer in 1(a)(i).
(b) State three observable structural differences between the following specimens. (i)C and D (ii) C and E.
(C) What is the relationship between specimens C and D?
(d)(i)) Name the habitat of specimen D. (ii) State two ways in which specimen D is adapted to its habitat.
(C) Make a drawing, 8cm – 10cm long of the dorsal view of specimen C and label fully.
Study specimens F and G carefully and answer questions 2(a) and 2(b).
(a) State three observable features of biological importance in: (i) specimen F; (ii) Specimen G.
(b) (i) Classify specimens F and G as either stem tuber or root tuber. (ii) Give two reasons each for the answer in 2(b)(i).
Study specimens H and J and answer questions 2(c) to 2(e).
(C) Classify specimens H and J into the class to which both belong.
(d) (i) state four observable differences between specimens H and J. (ii) State four observable similarities between specimens H and J.
(e) (i) State the feeding habits of each of specimens H and J. (ii) Name two observable features used for feeding in specimen J.
Study Specimens Y, amd Q and answer questions 4(a) to 4(e).
(a)(i) State the sex of specimen P.
(ii) Give one reason tor the answer in 4(a).
(b)(i) Name the habitats of each of specimens P and Q (ii) State three adaptations each of specimens P and Q to their habitats. (c)(i) State one observable structural differences between specimens (ii) State three observable structural similarities between P and Q. (d)(i) Observe the mouthpart of specimen Q and state its feeding mechanism.
(ii) List one food which specimen Q feeds on.
(e) Remove carefully one of the legs on the right side of the metathorax of specimen P. Make a drawing, 6 cm to 8 cm long of the removed leg and label fully.
Study specimens H and J and answer questions 2(a) to 2(d).
(a)i) Name the Kingdom and Class of organisms from which specimen H could be obtained.
(ii) Name the specific location on the body of the organism from which specimen H could be obtained.
(iii) Name one example of organism from which specimen H could be obtained.
(bi) State six observable structural differences between specimens H and J.
| H | J |
(c) State one function each of specimens H and J to the organisms that possess them. H:(ii) State three observable structural similarities between specimens H and J.
(d) Mention: (i) three observable features that adapt specimen H to the function stated against it in 2(c);
(i) two observable features that adapt specimen J to the function stated against it in 2(c).
Study specimens A, B, C, E and F and answer questions 1(a) to 1(e).
(a) Name one branch of Biology D which involves the use ot specimens A, B, C, D, E and F. (b) State one function of each of Specimens A. B. C D E and F:
(c) Describe briefly how each of specimens B and D could be used.
(d) make a drawing, 10 cm to 12 cm long of specimen D and label fully.
(e) Name two organisms each associated with the use ot specimens D and F.
Study Specimens P, Q and R and answer questions 4(a) to 4(d).
(a) Use the information below to complete the following table. (i) Add two drops of specimen P into a beaker containing water, leave it undisturbed and note the time it completely disperses in water. (ii) Add a leveled teaspoonful of specimen Q into another beaker containing water, stir for one second and note the time it takes to completely dissolve. (iii) Cut open specimen R and note the time the odor was perceived. (iv) Give the medium of spread for each of the tests in 4(a)(i) to 4(a) i).
(v) Name the sense organ in humans involved in each of the observations in 4(a)(i) to 4(a)(iii).
| specimen | Test | Observation time(sec) | Medium of spread | sense organ |
(b) Name the biological phenomenon that occurred in 4(a)(iii).
(c) State two factors each that will increase the rate of the phenomenon named in 4(b) for each of the activities in 4(a)(i). (ii) and (iii)
(i) _____________ (ii) _____________ (iii) _____________
(d) Gently place your thumb on the inked stamp pad provided. (i) Neatly thumbprint clearly showing the pattern in the box below.
(ii) Name the type of pattern in the fingerprint in 4(e)(i).
(iii) List three other types of fingerprints. (iv) State three advantages of fingerprints.
(v) What type of variation is fingerprint?
Study Specimens E, F, and H and answer questions 2(a) to 2(f).
(a) What types of fruits are specimens E, F, and H?
E: _________ F:_________ H: ___________
(b) Name the types of placentation possessed by each of specimens E, F and H:
(c) Name one agent of dispersal each of specimens E, F and H? E: H: F: F:
(d)(i) Explain briefly how specimen E is dispersed. (ii) State two types of nutrients present in specimen E.
(e)(i) What is the color of specimen H? (ii) What does the color of specimen H signify?
(f) Using the scalpel/blunt knife provided, cut open specimen H along the line of split from one side only.
(i) Name the type of placentation found in specimen H.
(ii) Make a drawing, 6 cm to 8 cm long of the two split halves of specimen H while still joined at one length and label fully.
. Study specimens A and B and answer questions 1(a) to 1(c).
(a)(i) Name the habitat of each of specimens A and B. (ii) Name the adult stages into which each of specimens A and B would develop.
(iii) Name the phylum and class common to the adult stages into which each of specimens A and B.
(b) State three observable features of biological significance in: (i) specimen A (ii) specimens B.
(c)(i) State four observable structural differences between specimens A and B.
(ii) State three observable similarities between specimens A and B.
2. Study specimens C, D and E and answer questions 2(a) to 2(c).
(a)(i) Name the organism from which each of specimens C, D and E are obtained.
(ii) State the function common to specimens C, D and E.
(iii) State three observable features which adapts specimen C to its function.
(b)(i) State three observable structural similarities between specimens C and D.
(ii) State three observable structural differences between specimens C and D.
(c) Make a drawing 6cm – 8cm long of specimen C and label fully.
(3) Study specimens K and L and answer questions 3(a) to 3(c).
(a)(i) Name the floral parts of specimen K. (ii) Indicate the number of the floral parts in each whorl of specimen K.
(b)(i) Name the sex of specimen K. (ii) Give one reason for your answer in 3(b)(i).
(c)(i) What is the symmetry of specimen K?. (ii) Give one reason for your answer in 3(c)(i).
(d) Name one pollinating agent of each of specimens K and L.
(e) State four observable structural differences between specimens K and L.
(f) Make a drawing 8cm – 10cm long of specimen K and label fully.
1. Study Specimens B, C and D and answer questions 1(a) To 1(f).
(a) i) Place two drops of specimen B on a white tile and add two drops of iodine solution.
Complete the table below with the test, observation and inference:
|
test |
observation |
inference |
(aii) Put 5 ml of specimen B into a test tube and add 2 ml of sodium hydroxide solution followed by three drops of copper (ii) tetraoxosulphate (VI) solution and shake Complete the table below with the test, observation and inference.
|
test |
observation |
inference |
(b) Give the name of each of the tests in 1(a)i) and 1(a)(ii). (i) ____________ (ii) _____________
(c) State two ways by which specimen C is of economic importance.
(d)(i) Name the Kingdom to (1) (ii) which specimen C belongs. (ii) State three reasons for the. answer in 1(d)(i). (iii) Name four other organisms that belong to the same Kingdom as specimen C.
(ei) Name the Phylum to which specimen D belongs. (ii) State three reasons for the answer in 1(d)(i).
(f)(i) Explain briefly the role of specimen C in nutrient cycling. (ii) What is the mode of nutrition of specimen C.
1 (a) (i) identify specimens A and B without reasons (ii) Give four differences between specimens A and B .
Using a sharp knife, scalpel or blade, cut specimen B into two equal halves to expose the internal structures.
b. (i) Make a labeled drawing of 8 cm to 10cm long to show the observable internal structures of specimen B.
(ii) State the dispersal mechanism of specimen B.
(C)(i) Identify C, D and E without reasons. (ii) State two features, each of specimen C, D and E which adapt to their habitats.
2. The height (cm) of 20 students in a class are as follows:.155, 157, 151 169, 162, 151, 149, 165, 169,176.169, 179,173, 179, 173, 169, 157, 155, 165, 157, 197 and 162.
Use them to answer the following questions:
(a) Make a frequency distribution table of class interval of five of the different heights (b) what is the modal height? (ii) median height? (ii) mean height?
(c) (i) Construct a histogram showing the variation of height, amongst the students with the heights on the horizontal number of students on the vertical axis.
(ii) How many students fall into each or the height axis and number of students on the vertical axis.
(iii) How many students have height between 155 and 179?
(iv) Find the difference in height between shortest and the tallest students.
(d) (i)What type of variation is height? (ii) Mention three other examples of the type of variation in (d) (i) above.
3.(a) identify specimen F, G, H, I, J, and K without reasons. (b)(i) State one observable feature by which each of specimens F,G and H obtain their food.
(ii) State three observable features which contribute to the survival of specimen I.
(c)Mention two observable characteristics each, of specimens J and K. (ii) Name the two bones, each, which articulates with specimens J and K
(iii) Make a labeled drawing of 8cm to 10 cm long of specimens K.
PART I
ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS
1 (a)Specimens a A, B and C are different liquids of food materials. Cary out the Following tests to identify the food Contents Of Specimens A, B and C.
Wash the test-tubes after each use to avoid contaminating the next sample.
Record your tests and observations shown in the table below
|
TESTS |
OBSERVATIONS |
INFERENCE |
(i) To a small portion of a specimen A, add four drops of reagents F, Shake the mixture and heat gently for a few minutes. Record your observations and inference.
(ii) To a small portion of a specimen A, add three drops of reagent D, shake the mixture and heat gently for a few minutes. Allow the mixture to cool. Record your observations and inference.
(ii) To a small portion of a specimen A, add three drops of reagent H, shake the mixture and heat gently for a few minutes. Allow the mixture to cool. Record your observations and inference.Leave this mixture in the test tube.
(iv) To the resulting mixture in (ii) above, add three drops of reagent E, shake the mixture and heat gently for a few minutes. Allow the mixture to cool. Record your observations and inference.
(v) To a small portion of specimen B, add three drops of reagents G, Shake the mixture. Record your observations and inference.
(vi) Take a strip of the litmus paper provided, dip the tip of the paper into Specimen C, Record your observations and inference of the reaction on the litmus paper.
(b)(i) Give one example each of the food contents identified in specimens A and B (ii) State two uses each, of the food contents identified in specimens A, B and C to man.
(c) Name the primary source of the food contents identified in specimens A and B and a natural source of specimen C.
2. (a) (i) State three observable I and J without reasons.(ii) Name the habitats of specimens I and J (b) State three observable structural adaptations for movement possessed by specimen J (c)(i) Name one respiratory organs of specimen l and J three respiratory organs of specimen J. (ii) State four common features of the respiratory organs of specimens I and J(d) Cut off one of the opercula of specimens I with the scalpel or small knife to expose the respiratory organ. Make a labeled drawing about 8 cm to 10cm long of the head region up to the end of the pectoral fin only to show its structures.
PART II
ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS
3. (a) Observing specimen K, copy and complete the table below
|
Specimen |
Floral Parts | Number of Colored Parts | Free or Fused or united |
Essential or Non-essential |
| K |
Sepals/calyx Petals/corolla Stamens Stigma |
b. Cut Specimen K longitudinally into iwo halves. Observe the halved specimen K and use it to answer Questions (b) (i) – (iv) . (i) What is the symmetry of specimen K (ii) Classify Specimen K in relation to its reproductive structures. structures. (iii) Name tne type of placentation specimen K (iv) What type of ovary does specimen K have?
c. Detach the sepals and petals of the longitudinal section of the Specimen and make a labeled diagram of 10cm to 12cm long to illustrate the features of the remaining part of specimen k
d. Name the agent of pollination of specimen K . (ii) Give one example of the agent of pollination of specimen K (iii) State four adaptive features of specimen K that attracts the agent you have mentioned.
1.State two Structural differences between the nymph of cockroach and an adult cockroach.
2. List three characteristic features of cross-pollinated flowers.
3. Give a reason why the testes in most mammals are located outside the body cavity
4. State the structure used by each of the following organism for movement: (a) Ameba (b) Euglena (c) Paramecium.
5. List three types of stimuli detected by the sensory nerve endings on the skin.
6. Explain the function of the ciliary muscles of the eye.
7. How many “daughter” cells are produced in (a) meiosis (b) mitosis?
8. The graphs show the limit of tolerance of some species of fish I, Il and lll to water temperature. (a) From the graphs, what can you deduce about the geographical range of species i and ili? (b) What is the optimal temperature for growth of species I, Il and IIl?
9. Name three abiotic factors which plants growing close to each other may compete for?
10. Name four excretory products of plants.
11. (a) (i) identify specimens A, B,C and D without reasons. (ii) To which class of animals do specimens B and C belong? (ii) State the excretory structures possessed by each of specimens B and D. (b) State two external features used by specimen C for gaseous exchange. (c) Mention (i) three structural similarities (i) two structural differences between specimens B and C (d) Make a labeled drawing 8-10 cm long of the ventral view of specimen A.
12. (a) identify specimen E without reasons. (b) Make a labeled drawing 8-10cm long of the cut surface of specimen E.
13.(a) identity specimens F, GH, I, J and K without reasons. (b) Copy and complete the table below into your answer booklet
Put a tick ( ✓ ) where appropriate
| SPECIMEN | ANNUAL | PERENNIAL | CASH CROP | FOOD CROP |
| F | ||||
| G | ||||
| H | ||||
| I | ||||
| J | ||||
| K |
1.Define the following terms: (i) Accommodation (ii) Metamorphosis
2. Why is the wall of the left ventricle of the heart thicker than that of the right ventricle?
3. Why is sugar contained in the urine of a person with diabetes mellitus?
4.Which hormone controls water reabsorption in the kidney?
5. Explain the significance of hemoglobin in respiration
Study the diagram below and use it to answer Question 6
6. (a) What is the aim of the experiment illustrated in the diagram above?
(b) Name the liquid labeled I. (c) Name two materials that can be used as living tissue (d) (i) What would happen to the level of solution inside the living tissue in both A and B if the set-up is allowed to stand for about three hours? (ii) Give a reason for your.answer (c) What is the function of set-up B?
7. (a) What is pest? (b) List three plant pests and name the plant attacked by each
Use the diagram below to answer Question 8
8 (a) identify the organism represented in the diagram
(b) List three features that adapt the organism to its environment.
9. (a) (i) identify specimens A and B without giving reasons. (ii) What are the possible habitats of specimens A and B? (b) Remove the wings of specimen A and make a large labeled drawing 12cm to 15 long of it. (C) In a tabular form, give three differences between specimens A and B (d) Give two economic importance of specimen A and one of specimen B
10. (a) What types of leaves are specimens C,D and E?
(b) () identity the leaf arrangement in specimen D. (ii) What type of venation is exhibited in specimen C?
(c) Observe specimens C and E with a hand-lens. Which one has more stomata? (d) (i) State the likely habitat of the plants from which specimen C was obtained.
(ii) Of what importance are specimens C, D and E to the plant? [1mark] (e) Making use of the hand lens, identify specimens F, G and H
(f) State their modes of nutrition? (g) State two Observable differences between specimens F andG|.
11. (a) identify specimens I,J and K stating organism from which each has been obtained.
(b) List two functions of each of the specimens. (C) Arrange tne specimens in order of evolutionary advancement.
1. (a) Name the organism illustrated in the diagram above (b) Name the structure labelled A.
2. List (a) two air pollutants (b) Three water pollutants. Study the diagram below and use it to answer question 3
3. (a) Name the structure illustrated above (b) Name the parts labelled A- D (c) State the function of the part labelled C (d) in which group of animals is this structure found? 4. State the basic structure of a virus. Study the diagram below and use it to answer question 5 Study the diagram below and use it to answer question 5
5. (a) Name the organism illustrated in the diagram above (b) Name the parts labelled A to D (c) What is the habitat of the organism? What are the functions of A and D? The diagram below represents an instrument used in an ecological study.
Use it to answer question 6
6. (a) VWhat is the name of the instrument? (b) What is the instrument used for? (c) What is the function of the part labelled A? (d) Name the parts labelled B and C.
7. A food substance was put in two test tubes labeilcd I and Il in test tube , Fehling’s solutions A and B were added and the mixture warmed. A negative result was obtained. In test tube Il dilute hydrochloric acid was added and the mixture was boiled, after which few drops of sodium hyddroxide were added. Then Fehling’s solutions A and B were added. A positive result was obtained in test tube H after warming (a) What colour should indicate a positive result in test tube lI? (b) What food substance must have given the positive result in test tube l1? (c) What role did dilute hydrochloric acid play in the test? (d) Why was sodium hydroxide added to test tube l1? (e) Why was a negative result obtained in test tube 1? (f) Suggest the food substance in the original samples tested
SECTION B
Answer all the questions in this section
8. (a) ldentify specimens A and B without reason (b) State the agricultural classification of each of specimen A and B based on their uses. (c) Name one pest each that is likely to have put the specimens A and B in the condition they are (d) Name two ways of preventing the activity of the named pests during storage (e) Give one possible disadvantage of the named control measure of the pest during storage (f) Describe how you can test for the presence of protein in specimen A (g) Carry out a test to show the presence of starch in specimen B with the reagent provided. Record your procedure and result following the pattern given below
9.Examine specimen C carefully (a) Copy the table below in your answer book. Complete the table using your observations on specimen C
|
Test |
Observation |
Inference |
(b)
|
Name of floral parts |
Number of floral parts |
Colour of floral parts |
|
Sepal |
||
|
Petal |
||
|
Filament |
||
|
Stigma |
b) Carefully detach the other petals except the special petal. Make a large labeled drawing (10-12 cm long) of the remaining floral parts. 0. The variation of length of leaves of a certain plant species was studied in order to illustrate the frequency distribution of the lengths. The leaves were sorted out into the following ranges of lengths:
(a) Using the data. draw a histogram to show the frequency of leaves of different lenghts. Place thee range of lengths on the horizontal axis and the number of leaves/frequency on the vertical axis (b) How many leaves were collected during the study? (c) if the leaves were collected from different plants,give two possible causes of the differences in length.
|
Range of length (in mm) |
Number of leaves / frequency |
|
21-24 |
3 |
|
24-27 |
30 |
|
27-30 |
66 |
|
30-33 |
40 |
|
33-36 |
10 |
|
36-39 |
20 |
|
39- 42 |
38 |
|
42-45 |
58 |
|
45-48 |
33 |
|
48-51 |
16 |
|
51-54 |
2 |
|
54-57 |
1 |
1. Name the blood vessel which carries blood away from the kidney.
2.What part of the brain controls temperature regulation in the body?
3.Name the process in mammal during which Urea is formed.
4. In the test for starch why is the green leaf boiled in (a) water; (b) alcohol?
5. Name four parts of the mammalian alimentary canal.
6 State two features which are peculiar to the atlas vertebra
7. Name three diseases which can affect the kidney of man
8 Use the diagram below to answer questions (a) to (c) (a) (i)Name the structure illustrated above (ii) State the organ in which it is food
(b) Name the parts labeled HV (c) Name the fluid that is found within the parts of the structure labeled I – V
10. List the media of transportation of nutrients in: (a) Paramecium (c) invertebrates, (d) mammals
11. State two features which classify the rhizome as an underground stem.
SECTION B
Answer all the questions
12. You are provided with 10cm\(^3\) of water and a few crystals of potassium permanganate. Take two crystals with a spatula, bring the spatula close to the surface of tho water and gently drop that crystals into the water Do not stir the water or shake the test tube. (a) Carefully observe the set- up and record your observations as follows () Immediately after dropping the crystals into the water (i) after 5 minutes (ii) after 10 minutes (iv) after 15 minutes.
Copy the table below into your answer booklet and use it in recording your observations.
|
Time |
Observation |
|
Immediately after dropping the crystals |
|
|
After 5 minutes |
|
|
After 1O minutes |
|
|
After 15 minutes |
(b) What physical process must have given rise to the observations made? (c) State three physiological processes in organisms in which this phenomenon occurs
(ii) Why is it not advisable to stir the water or shake the beaker in this experiment?
13. (a) identify specimen. A and B (b) What type of skeleton has specimen A? (c) What is this skeleton made of? (d) From what group of animals can specimen B be collected? (e) From what part of the animal is it found? (f)(i) Make a labeled drawing 8 to 12 cm long of the anterior view of specimen B (ii) Give one function each of any three of the labeled parts.
14. Specimen C is a plant immersed in ink solution. Cut a thin cross section of the stem from at least 1 cm away from the ink mark upwards. Place the cut section in a Petri dish or transparent piece of glass or watch glass. Observe the cut section with a hand lens (a) Make a labeled drawing 8-10 cm in diameter of the cut surface to show with a distribution of tissues in the specimen (b), Shade all the stained tissues with horizontal strokes (c) Name two materials that are transported by the shaded tissues (d) Name three physical processes which help the transportation of materials from the soil to the leaf of the plant.
SECTION A
Answer all questions in this section
1. In what direction does translocation occur in plants?
2. Name two tissues that are likely to be removed when a stem is removed
3. Name the last blood vessel that will transport glucose to the heart if glucose solution is injected through the arm (b) which chamber of the heart receive the glucose solution.
4 Which part of the brain controls breathing? The Diagram below illustrates two homologous chromosomes during meiosis. Use it to answer question 5
5. Name those points labeled i (b)What is the Importance of those in evolution? (c) what is this stage of melosis called?
Study diagrams i and ii below and use them to answer question 6
6. (a) Identify the organism illustrated in diagrams i and ii
(b) State the levels of organization of i and ii
(c) State a reason for placing i and ii in that level of organization.
Study the diagram below and use it to answer question 7
7. (a) Name the parts labeled i to iv (b) What is the function of the part labeled I?
Study the diagram below and use it to answer questions 8 (a) and (b)
8. (a) What is the set-up used for? (b) Why is the leafy shoot cut under water when setting up the environment? (c) Name the instrument used for measuring water turbidity.
9. (a) Name three methods of preventing food spoilage. Study the diagram below and use it to answer question 10 (a) and (b).
10. (a) Name the parts labeled i to iv (b) State the functions of the parts labeled ii and iv (c) In which organ in the mammalian body is urea formed?
SECTION B
Answer all questions in this section
11. (a) You are provided with specimens A and B (a) (i). Cut a piece of Specimen A, put a drop of iodine on it then record your observation.
(ii) From your observation, what food nutrient does specimen A contain? (ii) Give reasons for your answers
(b) Put a drop of specimen B on the top right hand corner of your question paper using a glass rod. Spread the drop. Clean the glass rod to remove every trace of specimen B. Allow both drops of specimen B and water to dry
(i) Record your observation (ii) From your observation, what food nutrient does specimen B contain? (ii) Give reasons for your answers.
(c) Put 4cm\(^3\) of specimen B in a test tube and add 5cm\(^3\) of water.(i) Record your observation (ii) Shake the content thoroughly and leave it for 3 minutes to settle
Record your observation.
(d) (i) Add 2cm\(^3\) of NaOH to 5cm\(^3\) of specimen B in a clean test tube. Shake thoroughly and observe the mixture. Record your observation.
(ii) What substance in the alimentary canal plays the same role during digestion in mammals as NaOH in this experiment?
12. You are provided with specimens C and D (a) Identify specimen C and D: (i) State the part to which each of the specimens C and D (ii) State two differences specimens C and D.
(b) How can you propagate specimen C? (ii) Give one reason for your answer based on observable feature of specimen C
(c) Make a labeled diagram 10-12cm long of specimen C to show its external features.
13. (a) identify specimens E and F (b) Suggest the agents of pollination of specimen E (c) Give three reasons for your suggestion in (b)
In a tabular form, State three differences specimens E and F. (e) with a sharp blade or scalpel cut a longitudinal section of specimen E to produce two equal parts of specimen E. Make a labeled drawing 10 cm to 12 cm, of one half ofspecimen E
SECTION A
Answer all the questions in both sections
1. State the importance of the following elements to plants: (a) iron: (b) phosphorus (c) calcium (d) potassium
2. Give one example each of the following (a) plant parasite (b) saprophytic plant (c) carnivorous plant.
3. List two structural modifications each of one named bird which feeds on: (a) nectar, (b) flesh.
4. State three principles on which the use of the quadrat for determining population density is based on
5. (a) Name the nucleic acid that caries inherited traits (b) Name four elements found in the named nucleic acid.
6. Diagrams A and B below represent the reaction of some structures in the mammalian skin to different environmental conditions.
Use them to answer questions (a) and (b)
(a) Which of the diagrams represents tne reactions of the skin to cold condition? (b) List four observations from the diagrams to support your answer.
7. State three methods of controlling growth of micro- organisms.
8. In an experiment it was found that auxin was concentrated more on the shaded side of the shoot as shown in the diagram below
Use the diagram to answer questions (a) to (c):
(a) From which direction did light reach the shoot? (b) Towards which of the directions, side A or side B will the tip grow? (c)Suggest a title for this experiment. Layer of trapped air Layer of- trapped air.
SECTION B
Answer all the questions
9 Examine specimens A and B carefully, (a) State: (i) two similarities (ii) four differences. In structure between them (b) Make a labeled drawing 6-8 cm wide of the cut surface of specimen A.
10. (a) identify specimens C and D without giving reasons for your answer.
(b) In a tabular form state three differences in external features between specimens C and D.
(c) Remove a quill feather from specimen D and label it D. Make a fully labeled diagram 10 to 20 cm long of specimen D
(d) Explain how four observable features of specimen C adapt the organism to life in water. Shoot.
11. The amount of starch hydrolyzed by the enzyme ptyalin over a period of time at three different temperature are given in the table below
|
Time in Minutes |
Volume of Starch hydrolyzed at different Temperature |
|
15°C 25°C 45°C |
|
| 5 |
10.0cm\(^3\) 21.5cm\(^3\) 4.0cm\(^3\) |
| 10 |
20.0 cm\(^3\) 40.0 cm\(^3\) 6.5cm\(^3\) |
| 15 |
30.0 cm\(^3\) 56.5cm\(^3\) 10.0cm\(^3\) |
| 20 |
40.0 cm\(^3\) 68.5cm\(^3\) 17.0cm\(^3\) |
| 25 |
50.0 cm\(^3\) 70.0cm\(^3\) 19.0cm\(^3\) |
(a) Placing time on the horizontal axis and the amount of starch hydrolyzed on the vertical axis, plot the date given for the different temperatures on the sam graph (b) From the graph deduce the effect(s) of temperature on the action of ptyalin on starch (C) Calculate the amount of starch hydrolyzed at the (i) 7th minute at 15°C (ii) 12th minute at 25°C (i) 24th minute at 45°C.