(a)(i) What is isomerism?
(ii) Name the alkanol that is isomeric with methoxymethane (CH\(_3\)OCH\(_3\)).
(b)(i) Outline the laboratory:preparation of ethylethanoate. (Diagrams not required)
(ii) Write the structural formula of ethylethancqte
(iii) State two physical properties of ethylethanoate.
(c) When gas oil which consists of larger hydrocarbons was subjected to high temperature and pressure, the following reaction occurred.
C\(_{17}\)H\(_{36(l)}\) \(\to\) 3C\(_2\)H\(_{4(g)}\) + C\(_3\)H\(_{6(g)}\) + Q\(_{(l)}\)
(i) What name is given to the process indicated above?
(ii) State the importance of the process to the petroleum industry.
(iii) Find the formula of the product which Q represents in the equation above.
(iv) Mention one type of chemical industry that utilizes ethene as raw material.
(d) Consider the following compounds: CH\(_3\) — (CH\(_2\))\(_2\) —CH\(_3\); C\(_6\)H\(_5\) —CH = CH\(_2\); CH=C — CH\(_3\). State which of them:
(i) is used as a domestic fuel;
(ii) is an aromatic compound,
(iii) participates in such situation but not addition reactions;
(iv) would react with two moles of hydrogen per mole.
Explanation
(a) Isomerism is the existence of two or more compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
(ii) Ethanol
(b)(i) Ethanol and ethanoic acid are heated in the presence tetraoxosulphate(VI) acid in an oil/water bath or dry hydrochloric acid for about 25 minutes C\(_2\)H\(5\)OH + CH\(_3\) COOC \(\rightleftharpoons\) CH\(_3\) COOC\(_2\)H\(_5\) + H\(_2\)O. The mixture is poured into a beaker/separating funnel containing saturated sodium trioxocarbonate (iv) solution. The lower layer is discarded and calcium chloride solution ip then added. The ethyl ethanoate separates out as oily liquids on the surface.
(ii) The structural formula Of ethylethanoate is
(ii)(a) It has pleasant fruity smell
(b) It is a colourless liquid
(c)(i) The process is called cracking
(ii) It supplements the production of petrol
(iii) The formula is C\(_8\)H\(_{18}\)
(iv) The industry is plastic or petrochemical industry.
(d)(i) The one for domestic fuel is CH\(_3\) — (CH\(_2\))\(_2\) — CH\(_3\)
(ii) The aromatic compound is C\(_6\)H\(_5\) — CH = CH\(_2\)
(iii) CH\(_3\)— (CH\(_2\))\(_2\)— CH\(_3\)
(iv) CH = C — CH\(_3\).