(a)(i) List two reactants for the laboratory preparation of ammonia
(ii) State three physical properties of ammonia
(iii) Describe in outline, the manufacture of ammonia by the Haber process.
(b) Write an equation in each case to show the:
(i) reaction between ammonia gas and heated copper (II) oxide
(ii) action of heat on ammonium trioxocarbonate (IV)
(c)(i) Which industrial process is used for convey ammonia to trioxonitrate (V) acid?
(ii) Give the reason why electropositive metals do not generally are off hydrogen with dilute trioxonitrate (V) acid
(d) Give one example in each case, to show how trioxonitrate (V) acid reacts generally with: (i) bases (ii) non-metals.
Explanation
(a)(i) Ammonium chloride and calcium hydroxide
(ii) - Ammonia is an alkaline gas, it turns red litmus paper blue.
- It is less dense than air.
- A colourless gas with characteristic choking smell.
(iii) Haber process - is the direct combination of hydrogen and nitrogen in volume ratio 3:1 respectively. The mixture is passed over a finely divided iron catalyst at a temperature of about 500°C and a pressure of 250 atmosphere yield ammonia. It is a reversible reaction. 3H\(_2\) + N\(_2\) \(\to\) 2NH\(_3\)
(b) (i)2NH + 3CuO \(\to\) 3Cu + 3H\(_2\)O + N\(_2\)
(ii) (NH\(_4\))\(_2\)CO\(_3\) \(\to\) 2NH\(_3\) + CO\(_2\) + H\(_2\)O
(c)(i) catalytic oxidation of ammonia
(ii) dilute trioxonitrate (v) acid does not generally give off hydrogen because any hydrogen formed is immediately oxidized by more of the acis to form water
(d)(i) with bases NaOH + HNO\(_3\) \(\to\) CO\(_2\) + 2H\(_2\)O + 4NO\(_2\)