2023 WAEC Civic Education Theory a. Outline three factors that determine the legitimacy of a constituted authority in the society…

Explanation

a.The following are three factors that determine the legitimacy of a constituted authority in the society:

• Popular Consent: The authority must have the consent and support of the majority of the population. This can be demonstrated through free and fair elections, referendums, or other democratic processes that allow the people to express their will. A lack of popular consent, or the perception of the authority being imposed without the people's approval, can undermine its legitimacy.

• Rule of Law: The authority must govern and exercise its power within the bounds of the established legal framework and constitutional principles. Adherence to the rule of law, including the protection of individual rights and the fair application of laws, is crucial for maintaining legitimacy. Arbitrary, capricious, or extralegal actions by the authority can erode its legitimacy in the eyes of the people.

• Moral and Ethical Conduct: The authority must uphold moral and ethical standards in its decision-making and actions. This includes transparency, accountability and the absence of corruption, nepotism or abuse of power. If the authority is perceived as acting in a manner that is inconsistent with the moral and ethical norms of the society, its legitimacy may be called into question

b. The following are six factors that facilitate citizens' obedience to constituted authority in Nigeria:

• Rule of Law: When the laws are clear, fair and applied equally to everyone, citizens are more likely to respect and obey the authorities. The consistent enforcement of laws builds trust in the legal system.

• Transparency and Accountability: Authorities that operate transparently and are accountable for their actions tend to gain higher levels of obedience. Citizens are more willing to follow leaders who are open about their decision-making processes and who take responsibility for their actions.

• Effective Governance: Providing essential services and ensuring the welfare of the citizens fosters compliance. When people see that their leaders are working towards improving their quality of life, they are more likely to obey authority.

• Public Participation: Involving citizens in the decision-making process through consultations, public hearings and inclusive governance practices can enhance obedience. When people feel their voices are heard, they are more likely to support and follow authority.

• Legitimacy of Leadership: Leaders who come into power through recognized and accepted means, such as free and fair elections, enjoy higher obedience. The perception of legitimate leadership is crucial for maintaining authority.

• Civic Education: Educating citizens about their rights, duties, and the importance of following constituted authority helps in building a culture of obedience. Awareness campaigns and educational programs can promote a sense of civic responsibility.