Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions on it.
Between 1921 and 1930, the population of Jos town rose from 8.000 to 11.000. These were very important years in the history of Jos town. It was in 1921 that the administrative headquarters of Jos Division was transferred from Naraguta to Jos. In 1926, Plateau Province was created with its headquarters in Jos also. The new province was carved out of the then Mubi, Nasarawa and Bauchi provinces. Jos, therefore assumed dual administrative functions as the divisional and provincial headquarters. A crop of new employees and labourers started moving into the city to serve the two administrations respectively. During the same period, the tin mining industry was experiencing a boom.
The boom was further buttressed by other developments in the area. In 1927, the Eastern Railway Extension reached its Jos terminus, via Kafanchan. A new era was in sight with promises of plenty for all, because the mining industry was passing through its greatest moment of prosperity. The said administrative change, the boom in the tin industry, the new communication network and similar developments on the Jos Plateau, created a myth of the wealth and prosperity in Jos. However, the boom was short-lived. By 1929 it receded, and then collapsed in 1931. The mine labourers were thrown out of employment and most of them trooped into Jos in search of food and shelter. During this depression, Jos was likened to a ghost city. The population of Jos shrank from 11,000 in 1930 to 9,000 in 1933.
By the mid 1930, the price of tin rose in the world market and the tin industry was about to pick up once more. A new characteristic feature of the growth of Jos came into sight. This was the influx of Indians and Levantines into Jos. This continued and increased after the Second World War in 1945. These were mainly traders, transporters and middlemen who, like their European counterparts, contributed in no small measure to the exploitation of Nigerians and the economy of the country.
The number of Europeans, up to the eve of independence in 1960, was second only to that of Lagos throughout the English-speaking West Africa. These white elements addressed themselves to the building of luxurious hotels for their exclusive use. The African elite, in their tradition as copy-cats, were not left behind. The European policy of segregation however, ensured that the Africans and the Europeans never mixed.
The European quarters were far removed from those of Africans. The provision of social amenities followed the same pattern. Thus, there were separate African and European hospitals, schools, clubs and the like. It is interesting to note that the situation has barely changed quantitatively since independence. The Nigerian elite in the civil service and the private sector have merely moved away from their own people into the positions formerly occupied by the Europeans.
(a) In four sentences, one for each, summarize the factors that were responsible for the growth of Jos as described in the passage.
(b) In two sentences, summarize the common features of the organization of social life in Jos as described in the passage.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions on it.
I am a foot taller than the tallest girl in my village and twice the weight of the fattest. On my only visit to a beautician. the woman said she found my face a challenge. Yet, despite these social disadvantages, I feel cheerful, happy, confident and secure.
Several years ago, I visited the city for the first time. and I saw something there that made me realize the stupidity of trying to conform – of trying to be like everybody else – even with particular physical disadvantages. There was a small plump woman all dressed up but looking really stuffed and funny in the fashion wear. She also carried a shooting stick. But because she was so plump, when she sat on the stick, it went deep into the ground and she couldn’t pull it out. She tugged and tugged. tears of rage in her eyes. When the final tug brought it out, she crashed with it to the ground. I saw her walk away. Her day had been ruined. She had made a fool of herself in public. She had impressed nobody. In her own sad eyes, she was a failure.
But hardly anyone took any notice of her and her misery in the busy street. I remember well when I was like that in the days before I learned that nobody really cared what you did. And watching that miserable small woman as she walked away gave me renewed inspiration.
(a) Briefly describe two physical characteristics of the writer as shown in the passage.
(b) Why is the writer not bothered about her social disadvantages?
(c)(i) How did the woman with the shooting stick feel after the incident? (ii) Why was the feeling unnecessary.
(d) …. when she sat on the stick… (i) What grammatical name is used to describe the above expression? (ii) What is its function?
(e) For each of the following words, find another word or phrase that means the same and can replace it in the passage:
(i) disadvantages; (ii) conform; (ii) tugged; (iv) miserable; (vi) inspiration
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions on it.
Learning to speak one’s language comes naturally to a human being; we learn it without formal instruction. But writing is an unnatural activity; it must be taught formally and studied deliberately. Indeed, many of the problems that arise in learning to write are simply problems of finding proper written equivalent for the various features of speech. The spelling of our words is a clumsy attempt to reproduce the sound of our voices. The punctuation of our sentences and the settings of paragraphs are designed to give some approximation of the pauses and intonation we use automatically to give shape and point to our speaking.
The writer of English (or any other language) loses a whole world of gestures, facial expressions and tone of voice the minute he decides to write something rather than say it aloud. He loses the immediacy of direct contact with his audience. If there were no compensation at all for all these disadvantages, then communicating with other people through the medium of squiggles on paper would be as unsatisfactory as trying to wash your feet with your socks on.
Writing takes more effort than speech, but the effort we make simply to capture our words on paper can also lead us to compose things that are worth the effort. The unusual energy that goes into achievement in any art or sport can and should function finally to help the individual increase his own powers and perfect his abilities. Three hundred and fifty years ago, a clever man pointed out that practice in speaking makes a man ‘ready’ or quick in his responses while practice in writing makes a man ‘exact’, helps him to polish and perfect his thoughts.
(a) Why did the writer say that writing is an unnatural activity?
(b) Give two specific examples of problems encountered in learning to write.
(c) Mention any two disadvantages that arise in written communication.
(d) What major advantage comes from the acquisition of good written skills
(e) …that goes into achievement in any art or sport (i) What grammatical name is used to describe the above expression?
(ii) What is its function?
(f) For each of the following words find another word or phrase that means the same and can replace it as used in the passage:
(i) deliberately; (ii) equivalent; (iii) designed; (iv) compensation (v) responses; (vi) polish.
Write a story which ends with the words:… I really agree than a patient dog eats the fattest bone.
An elder sister of yours who has left school had confided in you in her last letter that she plans to elope with her lover whom your parents do not approve of. Write a letter to her advising against such action, and suggesting steps she could take to obtain your parents consent.
You have been involved in an incident in which very many of your friends criticized your role. Narrate the incident to a close friend and defend the role you played.
You are the main speaker in a school debate, the topic of which is: Bribery and corruption are worse enemies of our country than armed robbery. Write your speech for or against the topic.
Write an article for publication in a literary magazine on the need to promote the study of the indigenous languages of your country.
You are about to leave school after spending six years as a student. Write a letter to the principal, expressing your candid views on the strengths and weaknesses of the school and giving suggestions for improvement.
A nation that wants to -76- her citizens cannot rely on traditional methods of -77- but a large scale -78- Rather than depend on simple -79- like the hoe and the cutlass, it is high time we thought in terms of -80- . Large areas of -81- land must be open up, and aid must be given to young farmers to acquire their own -82-. The effort must start from schools, where students need to be taught both -83- of crops as well as animal -84-. To make land available to more people, the land -85- practices in most parts of the nation need to be revised. Above all, -86- should be generated through loans with reasonable -87- rates.
The -88- to have children is deep rooted in the hearts of both men and women, and on entering into -89- union they regard the -90- of children as the first and most -91- duty. A childless marriage in an African -92- is practically a failure, for children bring joy not only to their parents but also to the -93- as a whole. The -94- of a family brings with it a rise in social -95-. The social position of a -96- who has children is of greater importance and dignity than that of a bachelor or -97-. After the -98- of the first child, the married -99- becomes the object of higher -100- among their fellows than they were before.
In question numbered 100 above, choose the best option from letters A – E that best completes the gap.
- A. adulation
- B. influence
- C. affluence
- D. regard
- E. position
A nation that wants to -76- her citizens cannot rely on traditional methods of -77- but a large scale -78- Rather than depend on simple -79- like the hoe and the cutlass, it is high time we thought in terms of -80- . Large areas of -81- land must be open up, and aid must be given to young farmers to acquire their own -82-. The effort must start from schools, where students need to be taught both -83- of crops as well as animal -84-. To make land available to more people, the land -85- practices in most parts of the nation need to be revised. Above all, -86- should be generated through loans with reasonable -87- rates.
The -88- to have children is deep rooted in the hearts of both men and women, and on entering into -89- union they regard the -90- of children as the first and most -91- duty. A childless marriage in an African -92- is practically a failure, for children bring joy not only to their parents but also to the -93- as a whole. The -94- of a family brings with it a rise in social -95-. The social position of a -96- who has children is of greater importance and dignity than that of a bachelor or -97-. After the -98- of the first child, the married -99- becomes the object of higher -100- among their fellows than they were before.
In question numbered 99 above, choose the best option from letters A – E that best completes the gap.
- A. twain
- B. pair
- C. twin
- D. company
- E. syndicate
A nation that wants to -76- her citizens cannot rely on traditional methods of -77- but a large scale -78- Rather than depend on simple -79- like the hoe and the cutlass, it is high time we thought in terms of -80- . Large areas of -81- land must be open up, and aid must be given to young farmers to acquire their own -82-. The effort must start from schools, where students need to be taught both -83- of crops as well as animal -84-. To make land available to more people, the land -85- practices in most parts of the nation need to be revised. Above all, -86- should be generated through loans with reasonable -87- rates.
The -88- to have children is deep rooted in the hearts of both men and women, and on entering into -89- union they regard the -90- of children as the first and most -91- duty. A childless marriage in an African -92- is practically a failure, for children bring joy not only to their parents but also to the -93- as a whole. The -94- of a family brings with it a rise in social -95-. The social position of a -96- who has children is of greater importance and dignity than that of a bachelor or -97-. After the -98- of the first child, the married -99- becomes the object of higher -100- among their fellows than they were before.
In question numbered 98 above, choose the best option from letters A – E that best completes the gap.
- A. launching
- B. ceremony
- C. celebration
- D. dawn
- E. birth
A nation that wants to -76- her citizens cannot rely on traditional methods of -77- but a large scale -78- Rather than depend on simple -79- like the hoe and the cutlass, it is high time we thought in terms of -80- . Large areas of -81- land must be open up, and aid must be given to young farmers to acquire their own -82-. The effort must start from schools, where students need to be taught both -83- of crops as well as animal -84-. To make land available to more people, the land -85- practices in most parts of the nation need to be revised. Above all, -86- should be generated through loans with reasonable -87- rates.
The -88- to have children is deep rooted in the hearts of both men and women, and on entering into -89- union they regard the -90- of children as the first and most -91- duty. A childless marriage in an African -92- is practically a failure, for children bring joy not only to their parents but also to the -93- as a whole. The -94- of a family brings with it a rise in social -95-. The social position of a -96- who has children is of greater importance and dignity than that of a bachelor or -97-. After the -98- of the first child, the married -99- becomes the object of higher -100- among their fellows than they were before.
In question numbered 97 above, choose the best option from letters A – E that best completes the gap.
- A. spinster
- B. girl
- C. virgin
- D. nun
- E. maiden
A nation that wants to -76- her citizens cannot rely on traditional methods of -77- but a large scale -78- Rather than depend on simple -79- like the hoe and the cutlass, it is high time we thought in terms of -80- . Large areas of -81- land must be open up, and aid must be given to young farmers to acquire their own -82-. The effort must start from schools, where students need to be taught both -83- of crops as well as animal -84-. To make land available to more people, the land -85- practices in most parts of the nation need to be revised. Above all, -86- should be generated through loans with reasonable -87- rates.
The -88- to have children is deep rooted in the hearts of both men and women, and on entering into -89- union they regard the -90- of children as the first and most -91- duty. A childless marriage in an African -92- is practically a failure, for children bring joy not only to their parents but also to the -93- as a whole. The -94- of a family brings with it a rise in social -95-. The social position of a -96- who has children is of greater importance and dignity than that of a bachelor or -97-. After the -98- of the first child, the married -99- becomes the object of higher -100- among their fellows than they were before.
In question numbered 96 above, choose the best option from letters A – E that best completes the gap.
- A. people
- B. duet
- C. couple
- D. team
- E. stock
A nation that wants to -76- her citizens cannot rely on traditional methods of -77- but a large scale -78- Rather than depend on simple -79- like the hoe and the cutlass, it is high time we thought in terms of -80- . Large areas of -81- land must be open up, and aid must be given to young farmers to acquire their own -82-. The effort must start from schools, where students need to be taught both -83- of crops as well as animal -84-. To make land available to more people, the land -85- practices in most parts of the nation need to be revised. Above all, -86- should be generated through loans with reasonable -87- rates.
The -88- to have children is deep rooted in the hearts of both men and women, and on entering into -89- union they regard the -90- of children as the first and most -91- duty. A childless marriage in an African -92- is practically a failure, for children bring joy not only to their parents but also to the -93- as a whole. The -94- of a family brings with it a rise in social -95-. The social position of a -96- who has children is of greater importance and dignity than that of a bachelor or -97-. After the -98- of the first child, the married -99- becomes the object of higher -100- among their fellows than they were before.
In question numbered 95 above, choose the best option from letters A – E that best completes the gap.
- A. value
- B. rank
- C. cadre
- D. status
- E. promotion
A nation that wants to -76- her citizens cannot rely on traditional methods of -77- but a large scale -78- Rather than depend on simple -79- like the hoe and the cutlass, it is high time we thought in terms of -80- . Large areas of -81- land must be open up, and aid must be given to young farmers to acquire their own -82-. The effort must start from schools, where students need to be taught both -83- of crops as well as animal -84-. To make land available to more people, the land -85- practices in most parts of the nation need to be revised. Above all, -86- should be generated through loans with reasonable -87- rates.
The -88- to have children is deep rooted in the hearts of both men and women, and on entering into -89- union they regard the -90- of children as the first and most -91- duty. A childless marriage in an African -92- is practically a failure, for children bring joy not only to their parents but also to the -93- as a whole. The -94- of a family brings with it a rise in social -95-. The social position of a -96- who has children is of greater importance and dignity than that of a bachelor or -97-. After the -98- of the first child, the married -99- becomes the object of higher -100- among their fellows than they were before.
In question numbered 94 above, choose the best option from letters A – E that best completes the gap.
- A. rearing
- B. nursing
- C. grooming
- D. governing
- E. reviving
A nation that wants to -76- her citizens cannot rely on traditional methods of -77- but a large scale -78- Rather than depend on simple -79- like the hoe and the cutlass, it is high time we thought in terms of -80- . Large areas of -81- land must be open up, and aid must be given to young farmers to acquire their own -82-. The effort must start from schools, where students need to be taught both -83- of crops as well as animal -84-. To make land available to more people, the land -85- practices in most parts of the nation need to be revised. Above all, -86- should be generated through loans with reasonable -87- rates.
The -88- to have children is deep rooted in the hearts of both men and women, and on entering into -89- union they regard the -90- of children as the first and most -91- duty. A childless marriage in an African -92- is practically a failure, for children bring joy not only to their parents but also to the -93- as a whole. The -94- of a family brings with it a rise in social -95-. The social position of a -96- who has children is of greater importance and dignity than that of a bachelor or -97-. After the -98- of the first child, the married -99- becomes the object of higher -100- among their fellows than they were before.
In question numbered 93 above, choose the best option from letters A – E that best completes the gap.
- A. kingdom
- B. establishment
- C. company
- D. region
- E. society
A nation that wants to -76- her citizens cannot rely on traditional methods of -77- but a large scale -78- Rather than depend on simple -79- like the hoe and the cutlass, it is high time we thought in terms of -80- . Large areas of -81- land must be open up, and aid must be given to young farmers to acquire their own -82-. The effort must start from schools, where students need to be taught both -83- of crops as well as animal -84-. To make land available to more people, the land -85- practices in most parts of the nation need to be revised. Above all, -86- should be generated through loans with reasonable -87- rates.
The -88- to have children is deep rooted in the hearts of both men and women, and on entering into -89- union they regard the -90- of children as the first and most -91- duty. A childless marriage in an African -92- is practically a failure, for children bring joy not only to their parents but also to the -93- as a whole. The -94- of a family brings with it a rise in social -95-. The social position of a -96- who has children is of greater importance and dignity than that of a bachelor or -97-. After the -98- of the first child, the married -99- becomes the object of higher -100- among their fellows than they were before.
In question numbered 92 above, choose the best option from letters A – E that best completes the gap.
- A. congregation
- B. community
- C. guild
- D. race
- E. sect
A nation that wants to -76- her citizens cannot rely on traditional methods of -77- but a large scale -78- Rather than depend on simple -79- like the hoe and the cutlass, it is high time we thought in terms of -80- . Large areas of -81- land must be open up, and aid must be given to young farmers to acquire their own -82-. The effort must start from schools, where students need to be taught both -83- of crops as well as animal -84-. To make land available to more people, the land -85- practices in most parts of the nation need to be revised. Above all, -86- should be generated through loans with reasonable -87- rates.
The -88- to have children is deep rooted in the hearts of both men and women, and on entering into -89- union they regard the -90- of children as the first and most -91- duty. A childless marriage in an African -92- is practically a failure, for children bring joy not only to their parents but also to the -93- as a whole. The -94- of a family brings with it a rise in social -95-. The social position of a -96- who has children is of greater importance and dignity than that of a bachelor or -97-. After the -98- of the first child, the married -99- becomes the object of higher -100- among their fellows than they were before.
In question numbered 91 above, choose the best option from letters A – E that best completes the gap.
- A. homely
- B. voluntary
- C. ancient
- D. necessary
- E. important
A nation that wants to -76- her citizens cannot rely on traditional methods of -77- but a large scale -78- Rather than depend on simple -79- like the hoe and the cutlass, it is high time we thought in terms of -80- . Large areas of -81- land must be open up, and aid must be given to young farmers to acquire their own -82-. The effort must start from schools, where students need to be taught both -83- of crops as well as animal -84-. To make land available to more people, the land -85- practices in most parts of the nation need to be revised. Above all, -86- should be generated through loans with reasonable -87- rates.
The -88- to have children is deep rooted in the hearts of both men and women, and on entering into -89- union they regard the -90- of children as the first and most -91- duty. A childless marriage in an African -92- is practically a failure, for children bring joy not only to their parents but also to the -93- as a whole. The -94- of a family brings with it a rise in social -95-. The social position of a -96- who has children is of greater importance and dignity than that of a bachelor or -97-. After the -98- of the first child, the married -99- becomes the object of higher -100- among their fellows than they were before.
In question numbered 90 above, choose the best option from letters A – E that best completes the gap.
- A. minding
- B. procreation
- C. conception
- D. tenering
- E. moulding
A nation that wants to -76- her citizens cannot rely on traditional methods of -77- but a large scale -78- Rather than depend on simple -79- like the hoe and the cutlass, it is high time we thought in terms of -80- . Large areas of -81- land must be open up, and aid must be given to young farmers to acquire their own -82-. The effort must start from schools, where students need to be taught both -83- of crops as well as animal -84-. To make land available to more people, the land -85- practices in most parts of the nation need to be revised. Above all, -86- should be generated through loans with reasonable -87- rates.
The -88- to have children is deep rooted in the hearts of both men and women, and on entering into -89- union they regard the -90- of children as the first and most -91- duty. A childless marriage in an African -92- is practically a failure, for children bring joy not only to their parents but also to the -93- as a whole. The -94- of a family brings with it a rise in social -95-. The social position of a -96- who has children is of greater importance and dignity than that of a bachelor or -97-. After the -98- of the first child, the married -99- becomes the object of higher -100- among their fellows than they were before.
In question numbered 89 above, choose the best option from letters A – E that best completes the gap.
- A. fraternal
- B. domestic
- C. matrimonial
- D. polygamous
- E. bigamous