Read the following passage carefully and then answer the questions on it.
We are interested in the various kinds of injury that can occur in road traffic accidents, how to prevent them and their first aid management. Most of us have probably witnessed one form of road traffic accident or another. The universal reaction of eye-witnesses is panic as they rush to the scene and stand there looking in dismay. Road traffic accidents are great crowd-pullers as everyone wants to stop and have a look. However, the three most useful things you can do if you are at the scene of a road traffic accident are to assist in the rescue of the trapped victims; to render first aid treatment to victims; and to help in conveying injured people to the nearest hospital.
Road traffic accidents have a great potential for causing injury to the human body. The high velocity at which the motor vehicle is travelling the sudden deceleration on impact and the hard rigid nature of the motor-car body, all contribute to increase the potentials of injury Probably. the most risk-laden road traffic accidents are those which involve motor-cyclists as they d. o not have a solid motor-car body to protect them from the direct impact of an oncoming vehicle on the road.
Road traffic accidents involving motor-cyclists are the cause of high mortality as the human skull is often fractured on impact with the hard surface of the road. Road traffic accidents involving cars and their passengers can cause some serious problems as the wreckage of the i car may trap some people inside. This may mean that the crumpled car body needs-to be cut away before the victims can be saved. If the road accident results in a fire, then this can be disastrous as the fire will prevent rescuers from i coming near, thus resulting in the quick demise of the victims from burns. This is why every car-driver must possess a fire extinguisher in his vehicle. This little device may save lives in some situations.
(a) What, according to the writer, do eye-witnesses usually do as soon as an accident occurs?
(b) What three things does he suggest that eye-witness. es should do. ?
(c) Mention two of the factors that can increase injuries during accidents.
(d) Why are motor-cyclists risk when accidents occur?
(e) Why does the writer suggest that every car-driver should have a fire extinguisher in his vehicle?
(f) “If the road accident results in a fire…” (i) What is the grammatical name given to the above expression?
(ii) What is its function in the passage?
(g) For each of the following Words, find another word or phrase that means the same and can replace it as it is used in the passage: (i) universal: (ii) conveying: (iii) velocity: (iv) potentials: (v) disastrous:
Explanation
(a) Eye-witnesses usually rush to the scene of an accident and watch with surprise.
(b)(i) Assist in rescuing the victims (ii) Render first aid treatment to the injured victims
(iii) carry seriously injured victims to the nearest hospital.
(c) (i) High speed of the vehicles (ii) Hard rigid nature of the motor-car body
(iii) sudden deceleration of the car.
(d) Motor-cycles do not have a solid motor-car body to protect the cyclists from the impact of an on-coming vehicle.
(e) Every car driver should have a fire extinguisher so that lives can be saved in case an accident results in a fire outbreak
(f) (i} Adverbial clause (ii) Modifies the verb
(g)(i) universal - common, general, usual (ii) conveying taking, transporting, carrying (iii) velocity - speed (iv) potentials - possibilities, risks, chances (v) disastrous - dangerous, suicidal,