Read the following passage carefully and answer the question on it.
The chalkboard is by far the commonest teaching aid used at virtually.all levels of education from the nursery to the university. It is the most enduring teaching aid and perhaps will be the most difficult to replace. In the advanced-countries of the world, it is being threatened by the overhead protector. However, the overhead projector requires constant supply of electricity which is one reason we cannot rely on it yet. The chalkboard used to be black, which why the name “blackboard” stuck for ages; but today, there are boards of various colours: blue, green, even white.
Now, most chalkboards are made of wood nailed to the wall, instead of the concrete board made of cement and f ine sand that was more common. some are also made of metal. The chalkboard has the advantages of low cost, availability and ease of maintenance, usually involving mere cleaning and occasional retouching of the surface with the renovator. However, if the board is metal, the felt marker should be protected against drying by replacing the cap When it is not in use. The major drawback in the use of the chalkboard is that the information on it can only be temporary. if there is only one board for the class, it is usually impossible to leave the information there for more than a few hours, since other teachers would want to use it.
It is not easy to draw complex diagrams showing minute details, such as part’s of the body and contours, unless one is a good artist. Where one has succeeded with laborious illustrations, using different colours, it could be painful when the board has to be cleaned by the next teacher. However, there are nowadays various innovations, including foldable boards made of plywood, which allow teachers more room to leave their materials for longer periods.
Finally, it is a great disadvantage that during the course of teaching, more time is spent writing on the board than when one is using the overhead projector. So, in all, more time is needed for any lesson when one uses the board rather than the overhead projector.
(a) Why does the writer use the word chalkboard rather than blackboard most of the time?
(b) Mention two different types of chalkboard that have been in use.
(c) Mention two disadvantages of the chalkboard.
(d) Why should the cap of the felt pen be re placed when the pen is not in use?
(e) The major drawback in the use of the chalkboard (i) What grammatical name is given to the expression as it is used in the passage? (ii) What is its function?
(f) …it is being threatened by the overhead projector… (i) What figure of speech is used in this expression? (ii) What does it mean? (g) For each of the following words, find another word or phrase which means the same and which can replace it as it used in the passage: (i) virtually (ii) constant (iii) various (iv) temporary (v) laborious (vi) room
Explanation
.(a)The reason is that there are boards of different (other) colours I not all boards are black.
(b) There are boards made of concrete, of wood (plywood) and of metal
(c) The disadvantages are that: (i) Information on it is usually temporary (ii) a lot of time is spent on using it.
(d) The cap has to be replaced to prevent the pen from drying up.
(e)(i) Noun phrase (ii) Subject of (the verb) "is"
(f) (i) This is a metaphor (ii) It means that the overhead projector may soon replace the chalkboard or take its place.
(g)(i) Virtually- almost, practically. nearly. (ii) Constant — regular, steady, consistent, continuous, stable. uninterrupted. (iii) Various - different, differing assorted, diverse. (iv) temporary for a while, for a short time. for a brief period (v) Laborious • difficult, tedious. tiresome, arduous, tasking (vi) Room — space, opportunity. time.