(a) What is political socialization?
(b) Explain the major agents of political socialization
Explanation
(a) Political socialization is a process citizens on the attitudes, values, aspirations and beliefs of a particular political system. This process makes it possible for the citizens to internalize the political culture of the state while expos-ing them to the actual role to play, their loyalty, nationalistic and patriotic feelings to the country. This process is a life long affair and it is transmitted from one generation to another.
(b) Major agents of political socialization are:
(i) Family unit : Political awareness of a child starts at home. Through different happenings and observations, the child learns and imbibes the political behaviour of his parents. His future political attitudes and inclinations are determined at family unit.
(ii) School: Educational institutions play vital role in educating people about the issues of politics in a country. Higher institutions are fertile grounds for the game of politics.
(iii) Peer group: Peer groups play a paramount role in influencing the political views of citizens. Individuals can be socialized politically by this group.
(iv) Political parties: The electorate and party members are socialized politically by political parties. This is done through political education, manifestoes and campaign.
(v) Mass media: People are socialized politically through what they see, listen to and read in the mass media (T. V., Radio, Newspapers).
(vi) Social/Religious groups: Members of these various groups abide by the rules and regulations governing them and in the process get socialized.