The Islamic reform movement led by Al-Hajj Umar Tall was characterized by
- The introduction of Western education and technology in West Africa
- The development of alliances with European colonial powers
- The promotion of commercial agriculture and trade with Europe
-
The establishment of a theocratic state in Senegal and the western Sudan
The correct answer is: D
Explanation
The Islamic reform movement led by Al-Hajj Umar Tall was characterized by the establishment of a theocratic state in Senegal and the western Sudan. This is evident from the historical accounts of Umar Tall's efforts to establish an Islamic state based on his interpretation of Islamic law and governance.