SECTION B: NON-AFRICAN PROSE
How does the death of Mr Earnshaw affect the fortunes of Heathcliff?
Explanation
The death of Mr. Earnshaw in Wuthering Heights significantly alters Heathcliff’s fortunes, marking the beginning of his downfall and mistreatment under Hindley’s rule. Before Mr. Earnshaw’s death, Heathcliff enjoys a privileged position in the household, despite being an orphan. However, after his benefactor dies, Hindley takes control of Wuthering Heights and enacts severe changes that drastically affect Heathcliff’s status and prospects.
While Mr. Earnshaw was alive, he treated Heathcliff almost as his own son, often favouring him over Hindley. This favouritism allowed Heathcliff to enjoy privileges such as education, a comfortable living, and a close relationship with Catherine. However, once Mr. Earnshaw dies, Hindley, who has always resented Heathcliff, immediately reduces him to the status of a servant. He strips Heathcliff of his position in the family, forbids him from receiving an education, and forces him to work in the fields.
Hindley seizes control of Wuthering Heights and takes full advantage of his new power. He uses his authority to degrade Heathcliff, treating him as little more than a labourer. This drastic shift in social standing is deeply humiliating for Heathcliff, who was once treated as an equal to Hindley and Catherine. The injustice of this treatment plants the seeds of resentment and a desire for revenge.
One of the most profound effects of Mr. Earnshaw’s death is how it influences Heathcliff’s relationship with Catherine. As Hindley lowers Heathcliff’s status, Catherine, though still emotionally attached to Heathcliff, begins to see the practical difficulties of being with him. This class difference becomes even more apparent when Catherine spends time with the Lintons at Thrushcross Grange and eventually chooses to marry Edgar Linton, someone of higher social standing. The loss of Catherine as a potential partner devastates Heathcliff and fuels his determination to seek revenge.
Heathcliff’s mistreatment following Mr. Earnshaw’s death plays a crucial role in his decision to leave Wuthering Heights. Feeling powerless and heartbroken after overhearing Catherine say it would degrade her to marry him, he disappears for three years. During this time, he amasses wealth and returns with the intent to reclaim his dignity and exact revenge on Hindley.
Mr. Earnshaw’s death is a turning point in Heathcliff’s life. It leads to his downfall under Hindley’s tyranny, affects his relationship with Catherine, and ultimately sets him on a path of vengeance. Without Mr. Earnshaw’s protection, Heathcliff loses everything—his status, education, and hope for a future with Catherine—driving him to seek retribution against those who wronged him.