ANWSER
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Question 1:
(a) E-governance refers to the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to enhance the efficiency, transparency, and accessibility of government services and administrative processes. It involves digital interactions between the government and citizens (G2C), businesses (G2B), and other government agencies (G2G) to improve governance.
(b) Four objectives of E-governance are:
1. Transparency: To make government operations more open and accountable.
2. Efficiency: To streamline administrative processes and reduce bureaucratic delays.
3. Citizen Participation: To encourage public involvement in decision-making through digital platforms.
4. Service Delivery: To provide faster and more accessible public services to citizens.
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Question 2:
Four benefits of E-governance to citizens are:
1. Convenience: Citizens can access government services online (e.g., tax filing, license applications) without physical visits.
2. Transparency: Digital platforms reduce corruption by making processes traceable (e.g., tracking application status).
3. Cost Savings: Reduces expenses related to travel and paperwork.
4. Empowerment: Provides citizens with information (e.g., public budgets, policies) to hold governments accountable.
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Question 3:
(a) E-government refers to the digitization of government functions and services using ICT to improve internal operations and public service delivery.
(b) Three reasons for E-government:
1. Improved Efficiency: Automates workflows (e.g., e-tax systems) to reduce processing time.
2. Enhanced Service Delivery: Offers 24/7 access to services like online passport applications.
3. Anti-Corruption: Minimizes human intervention in processes (e.g., e-procurement) to curb fraud.
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Question 4:
E-governance interactions include:
1. G2C (Government-to-Citizen): Online portals for services like voter registration (e.g., INEC’s portal in Nigeria).
2. G2B (Government-to-Business): Digital platforms for business registrations (e.g., CAC’s online portal).
3. G2G (Government-to-Government): Data sharing between agencies (e.g., tax databases linked to immigration).
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Question 5:
Four features of E-governance:
1. Digital Platforms: Use of websites/apps (e.g., Nigeria’s FG e-portal).
2. Accessibility: Services available to all, including rural areas (via mobile tech).
3. Security: Encryption and authentication to protect data.
4. Integration: Seamless connectivity between departments (e.g., shared databases).
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Question 6:
Four ways Nigeria uses E-governance to fight corruption:
1. E-Payment Systems: Direct fund transfers (e.g., Treasury Single Account) reduce leakages.
2. E-Procurement: Online bidding (e.g., BPP’s portal) ensures transparency.
3. Asset Declaration Platforms: CCMD’s digital submission for public officials.
4. Whistleblower Portals: Anonymous reporting of corruption (e.g., EFCC’s online platform).
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Question 7:
Four pitfalls of E-governance in Nigeria:
1. Digital Divide: Limited internet access in rural areas excludes citizens.
2. Cybersecurity Risks: Data breaches (e.g., NIMC leaks) undermine trust.
3. Poor Infrastructure: Unstable power and networks hinder implementation.
4. Resistance to Change: Bureaucratic reluctance slows adoption.