Which of the following alkanes has a straight-chain structure?
- A. Cyclopentane (C5H10)
- B. Isobutane (C4H10)
- C. 2 - methyl propane (C4H10)
- D. Pentane (C5H12)
Which type of chemical combination involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of oppositely charged ions?
- A. Ionic bonding
- B. Hydrogen bonding
- C. Covalent bonding
- D. Metallic bonding
What is the trend for ionization energy across a period in the periodic table?
- A. Increases from left to right.
- B. Remains constant
- C. Varies randomly
- D. Decreases from left to right
Balance the following redox reaction:
Fe\(_2\)O\(_3\) + CO → Fe + CO\(_2\)
- A. Fe\(_2\)O\(_3\) + CO → 2Fe + 2CO\(_2\)
- B. 2Fe\(_2\)O\(_3\) + 3CO → 4Fe + 3CO\(_2\)
- C. Fe\(_2\)O\(_3\) + 2CO → 2Fe + 2CO\(_2\)
- D. Fe\(_2\)O\(_3\) + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO\(_2\)
Identify the reducing agent in the following reaction:
Zn + CuSO\(_4\) → ZnSO\(_4\) + Cu
- A. Cu
- B. Zn
- C. ZnSO\(_4\)
- D. CuSO\(_4\)
What is the state of matter in which particles are widely spaced and move freely with high kinetic energy?
- A. Liquid
- B. Solid
- C. Plasma
- D. Gas
Stainless steel is an alloy made up of
- A. Iron and zinc
- B. Copper and tin
- C. Iron and chromium
- D. Iron and carbon
A gas occupies a volume of 1.5 liters at a pressure of 2 atmospheres. If the pressure is increased to 4 atmospheres while the temperature remains constant, what will be the new volume of the gas?
- A. 6 liters
- B. 1.5 liters
- C. 0.75 liters
- D. 3 liters
What is Faraday’s constant?
- A. 6.022 x 10\(^{23}\) mol\(^{-1}\)
- B. 3.00 x 10\(^8\) m/s
- C. 9.81 m/s\(^2\)
- D. 96,485 C/mol
Which of the following methods can be used to remove temporary hardness from water?
- A. Boiling
- B. Filtration
- C. sedimentation
- D. Chlorination
Which trace gas in the atmosphere plays a significant role in the greenhouse effect?
- A. Oxygen
- B. Argon
- C. Carbon dioxide
- D. Nitrogen
What is the solubility product constant (Ksp) used for?
- A. To measure the total mass of a solute that can dissolve in a solvent
- B. To determine the concentration of a solute in a saturated solution
- C. To calculate the solubility of a solute in a given solvent
- D. To compare the solubilities of different solutes in the same solvent
What is the chemical structure of soap and detergent molecules?
- A. Hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail
- B. Hydrophilic head and hydrophilic tail
- C. Hydrophobic head and hydrophobic tail
- D. Hydrophilic tail and hydrophobic head
What happens to the value of the equilibrium constant (Kc) for a reaction if the reaction is reversed?
- A. It becomes zero
- B. It becomes negative
- C. It remains the same
- D. It becomes the reciprocal of the original value
Which of the following is an example of an endothermic reaction?
- A. Combustion of propane (C\(_3\)H\(_8\)) to produce carbon dioxide (CO\(_2\)) and water (H\(_2\)O).
- B. Burning of methane (CH\(_4\)) in the presence of oxygen
- C. Formation of table salt (NaCl) from sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl\(_2\)).
- D. Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H\(_2\)O\(_2\)) into water (H\(_2\)O) and oxygen (O\(_2\)).
Who proposed the planetary model of the atom with electrons orbiting the nucleus?
- A. Erwin Schrödinger
- B. Ernest Rutherford
- C. Niels Bohr
- D. J.J. Thomson
What is the name of the process by which ammonia is produced on an industrial scale?
- A. Nitrogenation
- B. Ammoniation
- C. Nitrification
- D. Haber process
What is eutrophication?
- A. The release of harmful chemicals into water bodies
- B. The excessive growth of algae due to nutrient enrichment
- C. The presence of heavy metals in water
- D. The formation of oil slicks on water surfaces
According to the kinetic theory of gases, the pressure exerted by a gas is due to
- A. The vibrations of gas particles.
- B. The weight of the gas particles
- C. The attractive forces between gas particles
- D. The collisions of gas particles with the container walls
What is the sum of the oxidation numbers in a neutral compound?
- A. +2
- B. -1
- C. 0
- D. +1
Which of the following reactions would be expected to have the highest entropy change?
- A. Liquid → Gas
- B. Solid → Liquid
- C. Gas → Liquid
- D. Gas → Solid